Genetics

Question 1

what is a monohybrid

Answer 1

following one trait

Question 2

what is a test cross

Answer 2

breed a unknown individual with a homozygous recessive

Question 3

what is a dihybrid cross and what is its significance

Answer 3

following more than one trait. can see if two traits are inherited as a package or independently

Question 4

what is incomplete dominance

Answer 4

when both alleles are expressed by the colours seemingly blending. eg. a red and white flower making a pink one

Question 5

what is co dominance

Answer 5

both are dominant so both phenotypes are expressed. e.g. a white and red flower making a white flower with red spots

Question 6

how many alleles and phenotypes for blood type are there

Answer 6

there are 3 alleles and 4 phenotypes

Question 7

what is a dissadvantage of inbreeding, consanguineous

Answer 7

increases the rate of two carriers for recessive diseases mating

Question 8

how many amino acids are changed in sickle cell anemia

Answer 8

1

Question 9

what is a gene on y chromosome and what does it do

Answer 9

SRY, responsibe for teste development of males in embryo

Question 10

what are sex linked genes

Answer 10

genes located on the sex chromosome, x linked or y linked

Question 11

how many copies of alleles for a x linked disorder do males and females need

Answer 11

males: one hemizygous
Females: 2 homozygous

Question 12

common x linked disease

Answer 12

colourblindness

Question 13

what is gene linkage

Answer 13

genes close on a chromosome that will likely be inherited together

Question 14

what are offspring with same alleles as parents called

Answer 14

parental type

Question 15

what are offspring different to parents called

Answer 15

recombinants

Question 16

what does large scale chromosomal changes lead to

Answer 16

miscarriage, spontaneous abortion, or developmental issues if viable

Question 17

what is it called when chromosomes do not split correctly during meoisis

Answer 17

non- disjunction

Question 18

what does non disjunction in meoisis 1 lead to

Answer 18

2 n+1 and 2 n-1

Question 19

what does non disjunction in meoisis 2 lead to

Answer 19

2 n and 1 n+1 and 1 n-1

Question 20

what is aneuploidy

Answer 20

fertilisation of gametes where disjunction occured resulting in an abnormal amount of a particualr chromosome

Question 21

what is the term for an organism with one chromosome

Answer 21

monosomic

Question 22

what is the term for an organism that has three chromosomes

Answer 22

trisomic

Question 23

what are the two types of polyploidy

Answer 23

triploidy and tetraploidy

Question 24

whats the difference between aneuploidy and polyploidy

Answer 24

polyplody is sets of chromosomes and aneuploidy is specific chromosome

Question 25

what are the 4 forms of chromosome structure breakage

Answer 25

deletion
duplicstion
inversion
translocation

Question 26

what chromosome is different for down syndrome

Answer 26

trisomy 21

Question 27

what is turner syndrome

Answer 27

momosomy x. infertile, only viable momosomy in humans. females