Archaea, bacteria and viruses

Question 1

What is an extremophile

Answer 1

A archaea that lives in an extreme envirnment

Question 2

what is a thermophile

Answer 2

an archaea that lives in a very hot environment

Question 3

What is a halophile

Answer 3

lives in extreme saline conditions, 2M NaCl or equivalent to survive

Question 4

What colour pigment does a lake have if it has high halobacterium numbers

Answer 4

Red

Question 5

Where are methanogens found

Answer 5

In swamps, marshes

Question 6

What do methanogens produce

Answer 6

Methane gas

Question 7

Are methanogens aerobic or anaerobic

Answer 7

Strict anaerobes

Question 8

what is bioremediation

Answer 8

Using organisms to remove pollutants from the environment

Question 9

2 ways to deal with an oil spill are…..

Answer 9

1) high pressure water, washes away good components to environment too
2) adding fertilizer adds nitrogen which promotes prokaryotes growth, they denature the hydrocarbons

Question 10

What are examples of pathogenic bacteria

Answer 10

1) tuberculosis , can remain in metabolic stasis
2) meningitis, mortality of 1 in 10
3) gastric stomach ulcers
4) tetanus, in soil. causes ridged paralysis

Question 11

how does pathogenic bacteria cause disease

Answer 11

by producing endotoxins or exotoxins

Question 12

what is an exotoxin

Answer 12

these are secreted from a prokaryote

Question 13

what is an endotoxin

Answer 13

only secreted when the organism dies

Question 14

are viruses living

Answer 14

no

Question 15

what are viruses

Answer 15

infectious particle holding DNA packaged in a protein coat

Question 16

What is helix structure of a viruses genome

Answer 16

Double or single stranded DNA or RNA

Question 17

what is the structure of a viruses genome

Answer 17

single linear or circular

Question 18

what is a capsid

Answer 18

a capsid is a protein shell that encases the genome made up of capsomer subunits

Question 19

what is a viral envelope

Answer 19

viral envelopes are derived from the host cells membrane so it makes it harder for the immune system to recognize it as an invader

Question 20

viruses are obligate…… whats

Answer 20

obligate viral intracellular parasites. can only replicate in a host cell that it can infect

Question 21

How do viruses use host cell too replicate

Answer 21

Viral genome enters a cell and uses host cells enzymes, amino acids and RNA to replicate their DNA. when the host cell lyses it releases the new virus cells

Question 22

what causes flu epidemics

Answer 22

emergence of new strains

Question 23

what causes global pandemics

Answer 23

Viral strains that have the ability to jump species can also exchange DNA with other viruses