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biologie > prokaryota > Flashcards

prokaryota Flashcards

1
Q

priklad prokaryot

A

sinice, bakteri

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2
Q

obecne vlastnosti zivych soustav

A

organizovanost a strukturni slozitost, schopnost samoregulace, metabolismus, vnimavost, drazdivost, schopnost reprodukce a vývoj

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3
Q

chemicke slozeni prokaryot

A

nukleova kyselina dna nebo rna a bilkoviny

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4
Q

stavba prokaryoticke bunky

A

bicik, pouzdro, cytoplazmaticka membrana, membrana, cytoplazma, ribozomy, plazmid, pili, nukleoid kruhova dna

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5
Q

prokaryotni bunka oproti eukaryotni

A

prokaryotni je jednodussi a mensi

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6
Q

co umoznuje slizove pouzdro

A

kapsula, umoznuje se prisat na jinou bunku

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7
Q

co jsou fimbrie

A

vlásky podobne pilum, umoznuji pohyb a prichyceni

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8
Q

k cemu je bicik

A

k pohybu vlnenim

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9
Q

ka membrana

A

mohou ji prochazet mensi molekuly, je polopropustna

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10
Q

co je nukleoid

A

kruhova dna, v bunce neni ohranicena/ oddelena od vnitrniho prostoru

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11
Q

co jsou plazmidy

A

kousky nukleonove kyseliny, prokaryotni bunky si ji mohou vymenovat

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12
Q

co jsou rybozomi

A

jsou v cytoplazme, drobne jednotky

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13
Q

jak se prokaryoty rozmnozuji

A

rozmnozuji se nepohlavnim delenim

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14
Q

prubeh deleni prokaryot

A

staci jeden jedinec, nukleova kyselina se prepise zdvoji, postupne se rozdeli na dcerine bunky ty jsou uplne stejne jako materske

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15
Q

archebakterie

A

prokaryoticke organismy, bunky schopne obyvat extremni prostredi, lisi se stavbou bonecne steny

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16
Q

typy tvaru

A

kulovite, tycinkove, zakrivene

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17
Q

kulovite tvary

A

kok, diplokok, streptokok, stafylokok

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18
Q

tycinkovity tvar

A

tycinky, bacily, diplobakterie, streptobakterie

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19
Q

zakriveny tvar

A

spirila, spirocheta

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20
Q

kok

A

kolecko

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21
Q

diplokok

A

dve kolecka

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22
Q

streptokok

A

nekolik kulicek za sebou

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23
Q

stafylokok

A

kulicky spojene do trojuhelniku

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24
Q

tycinka

A

tycinkova kulicka

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25
Q

bacily

A

oval

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26
Q

diplobakterie

A

dva ovaly

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27
Q

streptobakterie

A

nekolik ovalu

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28
Q

spirila

A

zakrivena carka

29
Q

spirocheta

A

zatocena carka

30
Q

fotoheterotrofni

A

k tvorbe organickych latek z oxidu uhliciteho vyuzivaji slunecni energii

31
Q

chemoautotrofni

A

zdrojem uhliku je oxid uhlicity, vyuzivaji energii ziskanou oxidaci anorganickych latek

32
Q

fotoautotrofni

A

uhlik ziskavaji z organickych zdroju, zdrojem energie je svetlo,

33
Q

do jake skupiny patri sinice

A

fotoautotrofni

34
Q

chemoheterotrofni

A

zdrojem uhliku jsou organicke latky, zdrojem energie jsou oxidace organickych latek dychanim a kvasenim

35
Q

fotoautotrofni, fotoheterotrofni

A

vyuzivaji sluneci energii

36
Q

chemoautotrofni chemoheterotrofni

A

oxidace organickych nebo anorganickych latek

37
Q

co jsou saprofyticke bakterie

A

pusobi jako dekompozitori, zivy se organickymi latkami z odumrelych tel, uvolnuji amoniak

38
Q

jake bakterie patri do pudnich

A

saprofyticke, symbioticke, aktinomycety

39
Q

co patri do saprofytickych bakterii

A

nitrifikacni, denitrifikacni, nitrogenni

40
Q

nitrifikacni

A

premenuji amoniak na dusitany, to je uzitecne pro rostliny

41
Q

denitrifikacni

A

rozkladaji latky, podili se na mineralizaci
anaerobni bakterie, ktere rozkladaji dusicnany na plynny dusik, ochuzuje tak pudu o dusik, opak nitrifikacnich

42
Q

nitrogenni

A

symbioza s bobovitymi rostlinami

43
Q

hlizkovite

A

symbioza s bobovitymi rostlinami, ziji na jejich korenech, dovedou vazat vzdusny dusik

44
Q

aktinomycety

A

produkuji antibiotika

45
Q

bakterie ve vzduchu

A

u more kvuli vlhku, uzavrene prostory, infekcni prach, mesta

46
Q

bakterie ve vode

A

nepramenita voda

47
Q

jake bakterie jsou schopne prezit v mineralni vode

A

archebakterie

48
Q

symbioticke bakterie na lidskem tele

A

na kuzi, usta, dychaci cesty, streva,

49
Q

bakterie na kuzi

A

osidli povrch a nepusti na kuzi skodlive bakterie, pot

50
Q

bakterie v ustech

A

sliny, mlecne bunky odvapneni zubni skloviny - kaz

51
Q

bakterie v dychacich cestach

A

nosohltan, prudusky

52
Q

bakterie ve strevech

A

escherichia cole - e. coli - tvori kyselinu mlecnou, produkce vitaminu B

53
Q

bakterie ve strevech prezvykavcu a termitu

A

dokazi rozlozit celulozu

54
Q

primy prenos nakazy

A

primym stykem mezi zdrojem nakazy a novym hostitelem - polibek , pohlavni styk, kousnuti

55
Q

neprimy prenos nakazy

A

kapenkami, predmety, vodou, potravinami, vykaly, moci, slinami, pudou

56
Q

vzdusnouz cestou kapenkami

A

vstupni branou jsou horni cesty dychaci,
angina, spala, zapal plic, zaskrt, tuberkuloza, cerny kasel

57
Q

zaskrt

A

ockovani, male deti, tezka andina

58
Q

tuberkuloza

A

kaslani krve, ockovani, antibiotika

59
Q

cerny kasel

A

ockovani

60
Q

alimentarni cestou - stolice, vykali

A

vstupni brana usta, salmoneloza, brisni tyfus, cholera, uplavice

61
Q

poranena kuze

A

tetanus

62
Q

tetanus

A

ockovani, bez leceni 100% smrtelna, krece nekoordinovane svaly

63
Q

pohlavnim stykem

A

syfilis, kapavka

64
Q

jiny nazev sifilisu

A

příjice

65
Q

zviraty

A

antrax, botulismus

66
Q

antrax

A

dost nakazliva, biologicka zbran

67
Q

botulismus

A

bakterie zbusobujici onemocneni tvorbou jedovatych latek, botok

68
Q

bakterialni nakazy rostlin

A

nici urodu

69
Q

vyuziti bakterii v prumyslu

A

mlecna bakterie - zakysane vyrobky, synteza vitaminu, cisteni odpadnich vod, tvorba antibiotik, genove inzenyrstvi, kvaseni - alkohol

biologie (5 decks)

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