Progressive Unit Review Flashcards
Nickname given to TR for his activism against powerful monopolies that hurt consumers and small business owners
Trust buster
Famous muckraker who tried to publicize the problems of poor tenement dwellers
Jacob Riis
Belief that people should treat others in society according to bible teachings like “do unto others”
Social Gospel
Idea that the government should not get involved in solving problems in the economy and society
Laissez faire
The belief that alcohol was harmful and should not be consumed
Temperance
Physical ailment TR suffered from as a child
Asthma
“Rowdy girl” whose National Women’s Party stood up for women’s suffrage in an active way
Alice Paul
Originally name of street cleaners, later came to mean anyone who tried to expose the ugliness of urbanization
Muckrakers
Organization created to defend Jews against prejudice and discrimination, now serves anyone in need
Anti-Defamation League
Supreme Court case that made segregation legal in the United States
Plessy v. Ferguson
Law that was supposed to curb monopolies’ power, it took TR to get Congress to actually enforce it and finally break up monopolies
Sherman Antitrust Act
African American reformer who advocated for increased education and skills training for black Americans, and believed there would be a gradual gain of respect for them in return by white American
Booker T. Washington
Term that means “covered in gold” but got used to describe time period where things in America looked great until you saw the problems beneath the surface
Gilded Age
Name of TR’s program of Progressive reform efforts during his Presidency
Square Deal
Corrupt organizations in cities that used money and violence to influence election outcomes
Political machines
Helped educate women about family planning
Margaret Sanger
Site of a deadly fire that called attention to dangerous working conditions
Triangle Factory
Began the settlement house movement in Chicago for the urban poor
Jane Addams
Political reform giving citizens the power to put a proposed new law directly on the ballot in the next election by collecting signatures on a petition
Initiative
Idea that wilderness areas should be protected, but still utilized for their natural resources that Americans could benefit from
Rational use
Carrie Chapman Catt’s organization to promote women’s suffrage
(NAWSA) National American Woman Suffrage Association
Created to assist African Americans in cities find jobs and help families in need, still operating today
Urban League
The Amendment that finally gave women the right to vote
19th Amendment
Political reform that allowed voters to remove incompetent elected officials from their positions before their terms ended
Recall
TR’s proudest accomplishment as President
Panama Canal
Formed the National Association of Colored Women and also worked to help end lynching in America
Ida B. Wells
African American reformer who called for black Americans to demand their social and civil rights
W.E.B. Du Bois
Organization that aimed to help African Americans secure civil rights, and allowed white Americans to join as well
(NAACP) National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
5 areas of concerns for the Progressives in America
Political machines; urban poor; crowded cities with a lack of adequate services; child labor; harsh conditions endured by labor workers
The life of the urban poor in America during the Gilded Age
Usually lived in tenement buildings, where the conditions were usually dirty and unhealthy to live in. Including a poor water system, and the harsh conditions the urban poor used to face at work.
Unsafe conditions
Jacob Riis
Wanted the people of America to know how the people living in the tenements and cities. He wanted to expose the harsh conditions, so he decides to take pictures of the unsafe tenements buildings, and puts them in his book “How the Other Half Live.”
Lincoln Steffens
published the book “The Shame of the Cities,” which talks about political corruption. He showed how corrupt politicians won elections by bribing and threatening voters, and revealed how political corruption affected all aspects of life in a city
Jane Addams
She became a leading figure in the settlement house, which settlement houses were community center that provided social services to the urban poor. Addams opened her own in Chicago in 1889, which later expanded.
Upton Sinclair
The author of “The Jungle.” Throughout the book, he wanted to show the despair of immigrants working in Chicago’s stockyards and revealed the unsanitary conditions in the meatpacking plants.
Social Gospel
Social Gospel followed the Bible teachings about charity and justice, for building a better society.
(Ex: The Golden Rule)
Social Darwinism
It was a system that allowed people to be superior to others and therefore destined to rule over them. It allowed the superiors to mistreat the ones that had less (ex. urban poor).
Niagara Movement
Group of African American thinks that pushed for immediate racial reforms, particularly in education and voting practices.
Anti-Defamation League
Created to defend Jews against prejudice and discrimination, which now serves anyone in need
Mutualists
Groups that made loans and provided legal assistance, and also had insurance programs to help members if they were too sick to work
Carlos Montezuma
A Native American that helped establish the society of American Indians in 1911, first organization for Indian rights to protest federal Indian policy
The Jungle
Author: Jacob Riis
Meant to expose the workers working in the filthy, dangerous Chicago stockyards. But it also revealed how the meatpacking plants were processing its meat in a unhealthy way.
What impact did The Jungle have on America?
In response, Congress quickly passed the nation’s first legislation regulating the meat, food, and drug industries (Meat Inspection Act, and Pure Food and Drug Act).
Triangle Factory Fire
A fire that broke out in NYC in March 1911. Killed 146 workers.
Which reform resulted from the fire at the Triangle Factory?
Workers compensation laws
Political machine
City officials who built corrupt organizations. they used bribery and violence to influence voters and win elections
How did political machine affected the poor?
The political machines’ bribes and shady deals made them rich while the conditions for the urban poor remained unsafe and little changed
National Consumers League
The NCL labeled items with it being made safe fairly, and in good working conditions. The NCL told women to buy their goods and avoid products that did not have their label.
NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People)
They aimed to help African Americans secure civil rights, focused on the battle for equal access to decent housing and professional careers like teaching.
Urban League
It was created to assist African Americans in cities find jobs and families in need
NAWSA (National American Women Suffrage Association)
Group founded by Carrie Chapman Catt in 1890 that worked on both the state and national levels to earn women the right to vote
National Woman’s Party
Founded by Alice Paul, which believed that drastic steps were needed to win the vote
Temperance (movement)
The practice of never drinking alcohol
Why did women practice temperance?
They felt that alcohol often led men to spend their earnings on liquor, neglect their families, and abuse their wives
Booker T. Washington
He told blacks to move slowly toward racial progress, believing that African Americans would gradually win white Americans respect and eventually would be able to exercise their full voting and citizenship rights
W.E.B. Du Bois
Du Bois went against Booker’s ways and he urged African Americans to demand immediately all rights guaranteed by the Constitution
The concept of “rational use” suggested that ___
forests be preserved for public use
How TR viewed America’s wilderness areas and how he believed they needed to be managed?
TR thought that not all wild areas should be preserved or left untouched, but that some of the wild lands held valuable resources. So TR drew on the “rational use” ideas
TR supported powerful corporations that ___
did business fairly
Square Deal
TR’s program of reforms to keep the wealthy and powerful from taking advantage of small business and the poor.
Accomplishments of TR during his Presidency
–Trust-busting
–Helping settle the 1902 coal strike
–Passage of the Elkins Act, Hepburn Act, Meat Inspection Act, Pure Food and Drug Act, and Newlands Act
–Establishing 51 wildlife refuges, 150 national forests, 5 national parks, and 18 natural monuments (230 million acres)
–The Panama Canal
What was TR’s most proudest accomplishment during President?
The Panama Canal
Direct primary
An election in which citizens vote to select nominees for upcoming elections
Muckrakers
People reporting on the hazardous conditions in factories and cities during the Progressive Era
Referendum
Allowed citizens to approve or reject laws passed by a legislature
What social problem did Upton Sinclair’s novel “The Jungle” describe?
The living and working conditions in Chicago’s stockyards
Many Progressive reformers targeted city officials who built corrupt organizations called
Political machines
The United States was number one at what during the Progressive Era
Industrial accidents
President Theodore Roosevelt promoted a program called the _____ to protect the interests of small business owners and the poor
Square Deal
Meat Inspection Act
Required federal inspection of meat-processing plants
Hepburn Act
Gave the government the authority to set and limit shipping costs.
The National Reclamation Act directly affected the management of which natural resource
Water
Under Theodore Roosevelt, the President’s powers___
Expanded influence in American’s everyday lives
