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2022-2023 > Not > Flashcards

Not Flashcards

1
Q

The rulebook for America’s government and how it works

A

Constitution

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2
Q

Right claimed by the Supreme Court in Marbury vs Madison, it set the precedent that the Court gets to interpret our laws before they get carried out

A

Judicial Review

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3
Q

Roger Sherman’s brilliant idea to combine the New Jersey and Virginia plans into our Constitution

A

Great Compromise

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4
Q

Document signed in 1215 that limited King John’s powers. it later inspired our separation of powers in our national government

A

Magna Carta

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5
Q

A change to our Constitution, we currently have 27

A

Amendment

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6
Q

President #5, he spoke out to the world about interfering in our neighborhood

A

James Monroe

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7
Q

Someone who supported the US Constitution and believed in a strong central government to keep the new USA together

A

Federalist

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8
Q

List of natural rights included in our Constitution to convince the Anti-Federalists to go along and ratify

A

Bill of Rights

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9
Q

Author of the Virginia Plan and Constitution and the President #4

A

James Madison

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10
Q

1776 statement, issued by the Second Continental Congress, explaining why the colonies wanted independence from Britain.

A

Declaration of Independence

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11
Q

Explorer who traveled through Suwannee Country

A

Hernando de Soto

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12
Q

Route across Atlantic used to bring slaves from Africa to the Americas

A

Middle Passage

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13
Q

First attempt at creating a national government

A

Articles of Confederation

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14
Q

Writer of the Declaration, 1st Secretary of State, President #3

A

Thomas Jefferson

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15
Q

Territory in North America formerly held by France, it’s greatest real estate deal in history

A

Louisiana Purchase

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16
Q

Our government is separated into these three to keep any of them from becoming too powerful

A

Branches of Government

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17
Q

Interaction between Europe and North America that changed the world forever

A

Colombian Exchange

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18
Q

Spanish explorer trying to conquer new lands and peoples

A

Conquistador

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19
Q

A group of folks whose job is to help the President make decisions

A

President Cabinet

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20
Q

Someone who believed that state government should have more power in a country than the national government

A

Anti-Federalists

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21
Q

These keep the three branches of government in line, by allowing each branch to hold up action by the others

A

Checks and balances

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22
Q

The city where both the Continental Congresses and the Constitutional Convention were held

A

Philadelphia

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23
Q

Killed more folks than Spanish weapons, resulted in the creation of the African slave trade

A

Diseases

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24
Q

First in war, first in peace, and first in the hearts of his countryment or the U.S.A. may have started off on the wrong foot, President #1

A

George Washington

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25
Q

This act contradicted our right to free speech, and made President #2 look bad

A

Sedition Act

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26
Q

The era during which deep thinkers developed ideas about natural rights that we expanded upon in our Declaration of Independence

A

Enlightenment

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27
Q

Only one of the first 5 Presidents who served a single term, thanks in part to his feuding with Jefferson

A

John Adams

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28
Q

An early law passed to keep immigrants in line

A

Alien Act

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29
Q

Advantages with Columbian Exchange to people of America

A

New animals, like pigs, horses, mules, sheep, and cattle. New food

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30
Q

Advantages with Columbian Exchange to Europe

A

Learned from Indians how they can grow crops from America, in their own way (ex. Maize and potatoes)

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31
Q

Oldest city in America

A

St. Augustine

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32
Q

Oldest English settlement in America

A

Jamestown, Virginia

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33
Q

Forced them to convert them to Christianity, or use the Indians as slaves until they died

A

Relationship between Spain and the Indians

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34
Q

Relationship between France and the Indians

A

the French found fortune in furs when the American Indians exchanged beaver pelts for European-made metal axes, knives, and kettles

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35
Q

Relationship between England and the Indians

A

it was war between the two

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36
Q

This was added to the proposed Constitution to get the southern states to agree to ratify and get our government working

A

3/5 Clause (Compromise)

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37
Q

Who killed President Lincoln?

A

John Wilkes ‘Booth’

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38
Q

What the Confederate states believed was appropriate once Lincoln won the election in 1860?

A

Secession

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39
Q

This General was as hard to get around as the object he’s named for

A

Stonewall Jackson

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40
Q

What was the site of the first battle of the Civil War

A

Fort Sumter

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41
Q

The style of attack when the enemy is surrounded and cut off from supplies or assistance, used at Vicksburg

A

Siege

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42
Q

What two European nations the South hoped to get on their side

A

England and France

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43
Q

Who was the Union General who irritated Lincoln with his lack of aggression?

A

General McClellan

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44
Q

Who are the people who spoke out about and tried to end slavery?

A

Abolitionists

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45
Q

Who were the states who lost the Civil War?

A

Confederate States of America

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46
Q

What killed more soldiers during the Civil war rather than bullets?

A

Diseases

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47
Q

The style of attack against military and civilian targets. designed to weaken the enemy and destroy their capability to fight back

A

Total war

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48
Q

What city surrendered by the success of the Anaconda Plan?

A

Vicksburg

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49
Q

What Union General was known for using total war to destroy Georgia and help bring down the South?

A

General William ‘Sherman’

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50
Q

What was the early battle in Tennessee that gave General Grant the reputation for winning no matter how many casualties were inflicted?

A

The Battle of Shiloh

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51
Q

Who was a member of Lincoln’s assassination conspiracy who once lived in Live Oak?

A

Lewis Powell

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52
Q

What was the first big victory for the South, and was also another win for the South later on?

A

Bull Run

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53
Q

What the nation finally became, after the war was won by the North?

A

United States of America

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54
Q

What act from 1850 made escaping slavery in America nearly impossible?

A

Fugitive Slave Act

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55
Q

Who was the lady who saved many lives and founded the American Red Cross?

A

Clara Barton

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56
Q

What was the declaration that freed slaves in the South?

A

Emancipation proclamation

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57
Q

What were the states that were in the middle of the controversies in Civil War?

A

Border states

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58
Q

Who was the man who went overboard multiple times to try and end slavery?

A

John Brown

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59
Q

What is a blockade?

A

When a passage into or out of an area is interfered or blocked

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60
Q

What was the capital city of the Confederate States of America?

A

Richmond, Virginia

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61
Q

What method did the North use to cut off southern ports and weaken the Confederacy by controlling the Mississippi River?

A

Anaconda Plan

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62
Q

What method did the North use to cut off southern ports and weaken the Confederacy by controlling the Mississippi River?

A

Anaconda Plan

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63
Q

What amendment ended slavery in America

A

Thirteenth Amendment

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64
Q

What General was known for his willingness to expand lives in order to win?

A

Ulysses S. Grant

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65
Q

Who was known to lead hundreds of slaves to freedom on the Underground?

A

Harriet Tubman (known as ‘Black Moses’)

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66
Q

Who was the President of the Confederate States of America

A

Jefferson Davis

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67
Q

What was one of the South’s biggest advantages during the war?

A

General Robert E. Lee

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68
Q

What is it called when mutual agreements that took place in Congress between abolitionists and slave-supporting folks, never worked out and eventually led to war?

A

Compromise’s

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69
Q

The slave that was told he could never hope to be anything else, and Congress couldn’t do anything about it

A

Dred Scott (Decision)

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70
Q

What soldiers formed the 54th Massachusetts unit?

A

African Americans

71
Q

What was the name of the warships used for the first time in the Civil War, and what describes the way they were covered to deflect enemy fire?

A

Iron clads

72
Q

What was the legal right that Lincoln decided to ignore during the protests throughout the Civil War; meaning “produce the body” in Latin?

A

Habeas corpus

73
Q

What was a way (routes) to escape to freedom for slaves from the South?

A

Underground Railroad

74
Q

What battle was the bloodiest single day of the war?

A

The Battle of Antietam

75
Q

What battle was the ‘greatest battle of the war,’ and resulted in 50,000-plus casualties (deaths)?

A

The Battle of Gettysburg

76
Q

What was the issue that split America apart?

A

Slavery

77
Q

*Opened New Mexico and Utah territories to slavery by applying popular sovereignty
*Ended the slave trade in Washington D.C.
*Strict Fugitive Slave Act (forced all Americans to return fugitive slaves to their masters or face arrest

A

The outcomes of the Compromise of 1850

78
Q

Political policy that permitted the residents of federal territories to decide on whether to enter the union as free or slave states

A

Popular sovereignty

79
Q

The fighting between proslavery and antislavery forces

A

“Bleeding” Kansas

80
Q

*Lincoln won the election, with 40 percent of the popular vote and almost 60 percent of the electoral vote
*The split of the Democratic Party (Democratic and Southern-Democratic)

A

1860 Election

81
Q

Founded by antislavery Democrats, Whigs, Free-Soilers, and Know-Nothing; To oppose the expansion of slavery into the territories

A

Founders of the Republican Party and their purpose

82
Q

First Presidential Candidate for the Republican Party

A

John C Fremont (not Lincoln)

83
Q

Lincoln’s inaugural address to the South

A

“I have no purpose, directly or indirectly, to interfere with the institution of slavery in the states where it exists”

84
Q

Which state seceded from the U.S. first and why?

A

South Carolina because they describe the President as “who opinions and purposes are hostile to slavery”

85
Q

Why did 11 states eventually try to leave the U.S.A.?

A

Southern States believed that they had to take that step to protect their property and their way of life

86
Q

They hoped to win formal recognition from England/Britain and France so that they provide military aid to them, and to trade with them, in exchange to stop the importing of slaves

A

Confederate States

87
Q

*Larger railroad networks
*Navy to do blockades
*Manufacturing (factories)
*European immigrants working in factories
*Lincoln’s leadership, with an established government

A

Advantages for the North

88
Q

*Strong military traditions
*Psychological (fight or die)
*War attrition
*Fighting happened mostly in the South
*Playing defensively during the war
*North devoted their military resources to defend Washington D.C. (the Union capital was near a Confederate State)
*Robert E. Lee and the military leaders

A

Advantages for the South

89
Q

Why did the war last so long if the North had so many advantages?

A

The North struggled to find a commander of such caliber. They lacked military leaders with great experience

90
Q

Why did Lincoln deliver the Emancipation Proclamation?

A

He hoped the proclamation might convince some southern states to surrender before the January 1 deadline

91
Q

Why was the first large battle at Bull Run so surprising?

A

It proved a shock to those who had hoped the war would end quickly– and who were unprepared for the carnage modern warfare could produce

92
Q

Outcome at the 2nd Battle at Bull Run

A

Lee’s Confederate’s handed the Union a crushing defeat. The battle energized Lee and led to Lincoln to call McClellan back to commander

93
Q

What was important about the port in New Orleans?

A

Once they seized the New Orleans port, they can continue to sail north, hoping to capture the Confederate’s stronghold of Vicksburg, Mississippi (part of the Anaconda Plan)

94
Q

What was the next thing a soldier had to worry about if he survived being wounded in the Civil War?

A

Worry about their lives in camps. It presented dangers like: poor drinking and lack of sanitation often led to a rapid spread of illness. That led towards death in most cases

95
Q

Ways women participated during the Civil War

A

*Taking over the jobs the soldiers once had (ex: businesses, farms, plantations)
*A few women masqueraded as men to join the battle
*African American women in the South served as spies and guards
*Some women, like Clara Barton, developed interest in nursing, to assist returning soldiers and their families

96
Q

What was important about the timing of the Emancipation Proclamation?

A

After the Union failure at the Second Battle of Bull Run, such a proclamation might look like an act of desperation. Weeks later, the Union won the battle of Antietam, and Lincoln had gotten the victory he needed to move forward with the emancipation

97
Q

Bloodiest day of the war?

A

Battle of Antietam

98
Q

Bloodiest battle of the war?

A

Battle of Gettysburg

99
Q

Ways that African-Americans participate in the Civil War

A

*African American troops were usually assigned the simple tasks, such as cooking, cleaning or digging latrines
*African Americans volunteered to be part of the fighting to end slavery (ex: 54th Massachusetts Regiment, respected for their discipline, and courage in a battle at Fort Wagner in Charleston harbor)
*Due to plantation owners putting their trust on slaves to manage their farms, the Union took advantage of that and enlisted them to produce food for the Union Armies
*Other African Americans used their familiarity with the terrain to serve as spies or scouts for Union Armies

100
Q

What was significant about the fighting at Vicksburg, Mississippi?

A

Union General Grant wanted Vicksburg to be placed under siege, which ended up working. But before, Vicksburg was hard to capture, with the city’s western being guarded by Confederate gunners, they could rain deadly fire on any gunboats that might approach. Also, Vicksburg’s location also protected it from attacks by land

101
Q

What happened the last time the South tried to invade and attack the North?

A

The Battle of Gettysburg was the last time the South invaded the North. The South tried to capture Gettysburg, but failed due to the Union army having the higher ground and seeing every move the South made. Out of the 50,000 dead and wounded, about half were Confederates– nearly a third of Lee’s fighting force. The South had suffered a crushing defeat

102
Q

Difference between a siege and total war

A

Total war targets civilians, but a siege does not

103
Q

What was the turning point in the war Between the States?

A

The Battle of Gettysburg

104
Q

Why is General William Tecumseh Sherman still hated by the southerners?

A

Throughout the journey, he striked military and civilian targets, destroyed materials and crops that enemy forces might be able to use, destroyed railroads and factories to damage the local economy, etc. (he used the total war strategy). That’s why the South hates him

105
Q

What happened to African-Americans in the south when the Civil War ended?

A

Some African Americans went west to take advantage of the Homestead Act; some went North to find jobs at factories. They were now free from slavery

106
Q

The foremost African American abolitionist journalist, and orator of his time, traveled the Untied States and spoke about against slavery

A

Frederick Douglas

107
Q

The time period of economic, industrial, population, and creative growth that made the USA to become a stable country

A

Industrialization Revolution

108
Q

Idea that Andrew Carnegie believed the wealthy had an obligation to use their money to benefit society

A

Gospel of wealth

109
Q

A corporation becomes so successful by eliminating all its competition and has complete control over a certain product or service

A

Monopoly/trust

110
Q

The labor union founded by S. Gomper and focused to get better wages, hours, and working conditions for its skilled workers

A

American Federation of Labor

111
Q

What are the dark, dirty, hot, and crowded workplaces?

A

Sweatshops

112
Q

The system that factories used to create lots of stuff at low prices, which helped our economy grow

A

Mass production

113
Q

The integration involves buying up your competition to create a giant company. And it lowered production costs

A

Horizontal integration

114
Q

The idea that if you are successful you are a better person than those who are not

A

Social Darwinism

115
Q

People that invest in another’s product or business with the expectation of making profits

A

Entrepreneur

116
Q

People that fund public cultural and educational facilities, and charities to help the less fortunate

A

Philanthropy

117
Q

Type of society where everyone shares equally in resources and rewards, and no one owns any property or income of their own

A

Socialism

118
Q

Shrewd businessmen who sometimes squeezed out their competition using unfair practices

A

Robber barons

119
Q

The act that eventually led to the break up of many monopolies

A

Sherman Antitrust Act

120
Q

The first labor union created to help all workers of any trade, focused on broad social reforms, but its membership disappeared after an ugly incident in Haymarket Square, Chicago

A

Knights of Labor

121
Q

The new type of bridge built with the new cables made of steel

A

Suspension bridges

122
Q

This allowed businesses in America to grow and develop with little interference from government regulations

A

Laissez faire policies

123
Q

A way to improve on a product, rather than creating something new

A

Innovation

124
Q

The incident of violence that led to the disappearance of the Knights of Labor

A

Haymarket Riot

125
Q

The type of integration that helps a company keep its costs down by owning all steps in the chain of production

A

Vertical integration

126
Q

The term of starting with little money or resources, but rising above and working hard to achieve success and wealth

A

Rags to riches

127
Q

A business with multiple owners

A

Corporation

128
Q

The process of purifying iron to make stronger, lighter steel

A

Bessemer process

129
Q

What was the industry regulated by the Interstate Commerce Commission, because it was fixing rates and creating secret agreements

A

Railroad industry

130
Q

What are the shares in a company called

A

Stocks

131
Q

The tactic developed to help groups of workers assert their power with their bosses or company owners

A

Collective bargaining

132
Q

What are protective tariffs and how it relates to industrialization

A

They are taxes that raise the prices of imported goods; to make American products more attractive to consumers.

133
Q

Shrewd businessman responsible for new business practices and many jobs, who used his wealth to help society

A

Captains of industry

134
Q

What is a labor union

A

term for organized labor groups

135
Q

The 4-year event that led America into a period of growth because of its demands

A

Civil War

136
Q

What helps ensure safety, efficiency, and uniformity in transportation

A

Time zones

137
Q

Wealthiest robber baron - OR captain of industry who ever lived

A

John D. Rockefeller

138
Q

Case that declared the power and duties of the Supreme Court

A

Marbury v. Madison

139
Q

President #2, only served one term

A

John Adams

140
Q

These encouraged creative people to keep inventing and innovating, and getting rich from it.

A

Patents

141
Q

The country that the United States beat before they started taking them seriously

A

England

142
Q

Dark, dirty, hot, crowded, unsafe workplaces

A

Sweatshops

143
Q

The president that held the nation together during the Civil War

A

Lincoln

144
Q

The person that made many of the advances and inventions from the late 1800’s

A

Thomas Edison

145
Q

The word for the elimination of slavery, it finally happened after the Civil War ended

A

Abolition

146
Q

The action taken by the Southern states when they broke off and started their own nation

A

Secede (Secession)

147
Q

Place where immigrants first landed when they arrived from Europe

A

Ellis Island

148
Q

Place where immigrants first landed when they arrived from Asia

A

Angel Island

149
Q

President #3, made the Lousiana Purchase

A

Thomas Jefferson

150
Q

First President of the United States

A

George Washington

151
Q

Where did the Civil War officially ended

A

Appomattox, Virginia

152
Q

Process of assimilation for immigrants, which helped the U.S. become a “melting pot”

A

Americanization

153
Q

Growth in the number of cities, and the populations within cities

A

Urbanization

154
Q

This kind of railroad is what led to the spiral of growth in all industries, cities, and expansion during the late 1800’s

A

Transcontinental railroad

155
Q

The people that we can thank for lots of good food and cool traditions, they helped make America a superpower country

A

immigrants

156
Q

U.S. governments policy of not interfering in the economy or in social problems

A

laissez-faire

157
Q

These articles were the United States’ first attempt of a government

A

Articles of Confederation

158
Q

Feelings of extreme prejudice against foreign-born people

A

Nativism

159
Q

Type of government we have, where powers are shared among the states and the national government

A

Federalism

160
Q

Interaction between Europe and North America that would change the world forever

A

Columbian Exchange

161
Q

Another word for ‘trust,’ complete control of a product or service

A

Monopoly

162
Q

The idea that if you are rich and successful, you are a better person than those who are not

A

Social Darwinism

163
Q

Conquistador who traveled through Suwanne County

A

Hernando de Soto

164
Q

President #5

A

James Monroe

165
Q

The type of integration that turns into a monopoly if left unchecked; involves buying up your competition to create a giant company

A

Horizontal Integration

166
Q

Worst accommodations for the poor folks on ships, how most immigrants traveled to come to America

A

Steerage

167
Q

The Act of Congress that shut down immigration from Asia for decades

A

Chinese Exclusion Act

168
Q

Crowded, dirty, inexpensive housing near factories for the urban poor

A

Tenements

169
Q

The huge battle site, over 3 days more Americans died than in any other battle

A

Gettysburg

170
Q

The time period of economic, industrial, population, and creative growth that made the USA to become a stable country

A

Industrialization

171
Q

When human labor is replaced by a machine (technology)

A

Technological unemployment

172
Q

The idea the North had for defeating the South

A

Anaconda Plan

173
Q

Style of attack against military and civilian targets, which was designed to weaken the enemy and destroy any chance of fighting back

A

Total war

174
Q

Name of the slave who got smacked down by the Supreme Court

A

Dred Scott

2022-2023 (11 decks)

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