Programming Paradigms COPY

Question 1

Object

Answer 1

Are the fundamental core of the Object Oriented paradigm , is an instance of a class. It has methods and properties

Question 2

Use Case Diagrams

Answer 2

a means for specifying required usages of a system. Typically, they are used to capture the requirements of a system, that is, what a system is supposed to do.

Question 3

Encapsulation

Answer 3

Restricting how an object’s data can be accessed

Question 4

Method

Answer 4

any object that an object (based on a class) can perform

Question 5

Contructors

Answer 5

class methods that are executed automatically when an object of a given type is created.
They usually initialise the instance variables of the new object.

Question 6

Destructors

Answer 6

used to destruct instances of classes. They will also reclaim any unmanaged resources ( mainly memory) allocated

Question 7

Class Libraries

Answer 7

A collection of classes.

Question 8

Derived Classes

Answer 8

inherit the properties and methods of the base/superclass

Question 9

Multiple Inheritance

Answer 9

derived classes can inherit from multiple classes.

Question 10

Concurrent Programming

Answer 10

when processes are overlapping instead of sequentially

These could be distributed (not all process running on a single system)

Question 11

Coordination

Answer 11

Threads needs to use various coordination methods to ensure that the task is completed successfully

Question 12

Race Conditions

Answer 12

When different threads are independently altering the state of a value. Locks are a way to prevent this.

Question 13

Deadlock

Answer 13

A situation in which 2 or more competing threads are waiting for the other to finished, and so neither does.

Question 14

Resource Starvation

Answer 14

When one thread is perhaps using all available CPU time or RAM or some other resource

Question 15

What is the difference between an object and a class

Answer 15

An object is an instance of a class, a class is a template that defines the methods and attributes.

Question 16

What line of code would you need to initiate an object?

Answer 16

DECLARE firstobject INITIALLY classname(“attribute1”,”attribute2”…)

Question 17

What line of code would you need to initiate an array of objects?

Answer 17

DECLARE arrayname AS ARRAY OF objectname * numberinarray (integer)

Question 18

Instantiation

Answer 18

Creating an object from a class.

Question 19

Modularity

Answer 19

Being able to combine commands into a single block of self-contained code