Programming concepts

Question 1

Programming data types

Answer 1

INTEGER
STRING
REAL
CHAR
BOOLEAN

Question 2

INTEGER

Answer 2

Stores a whole number

Question 3

STRING

Answer 3

Stores zero or more sequence of characters

Question 4

REAL

Answer 4

Stores integers and numbers with a decimal part

Question 5

CHAR

Answer 5

Stores a single character

Question 6

BOOLEAN

Answer 6

Stores only 2 possible values

Question 7

variable

Answer 7

named memory location that can store a value

value can change whilst the program is running

Question 8

constant

Answer 8

named value

cannot change whilst program is running

Question 9

Advantages of constants

Answer 9

1. code will be easier to read and understand (constant’s identifier will be used instead of a number)
2. you only have to edit in one place.
3. value cannot be accidentally changed during the running of the program

Question 10

counting

Answer 10

count the number of items in a list
incremented by 1

count ← count + 1

Question 11

totalling

Answer 11

sum a list of numbers
each value is added to a running total

total ← total + value

Question 12

sequencing

Answer 12

idea of one statement or instruction being executed one after another

Question 13

selection

Answer 13

decides which statements are executed based on a condition

Question 14

2 conditional statements(selections)

Answer 14

IF … THEN … ELSE … ENDIF

CASE … OF … OTHERWISE … ENDCASE

Question 15

CASE … OF … OTHERWISE … ENDCASE

Answer 15

A statement that allows for multiple selections/deals with many possible outcomes

simplifies pseudocode and make it easier to read

Question 16

IF … THEN … ELSE … ENDIF

Answer 16

A conditional statement with different outcomes for true and false

Question 17

Loop(iteration structures)

Answer 17

FOR … TO … NEXT
WHILE … DO … ENDWHILE
REPEAT … UNTIL

Question 18

FOR … TO … NEXT

Answer 18

loop that will iterate a set number of times

Used when you know how many times you want to iterate

Question 19

WHILE … DO … ENDWHILE

Answer 19

condition-controlled loop
Condition is checked at the start of the loop
code inside the loop may therefore not execute
Used when you do not know how many times to iterate

Question 20

REPEAT … UNTIL

Answer 20

condition-controlled loop
Condition is checked at the end of the loop
code inside the loop will always execute at least once
Used when you do not know how many times to iterate

Question 21

Array

Answer 21

e.g. data structure
Collection of variables of the same data type
Referred to by a single name (identifier)
Each element is accessed by an index (position)

Question 22

4 advantages of an array

Answer 22

1. can store multiple values under a single identifier
2. reduces the number of variables
3. can use iteration to loop through an array
4. allows for more efficient programming