Online attacks

Question 1

Virus

Answer 1

program or piece of software
that copies itself
in order to damage or destroy files
often causes the computer to crash

Question 2

3 ways to protect from virus

Answer 2

Install anti-virus software
Don’t use software from unknown sources
Be careful when opening attachments

Question 3

6 things anti-virus software does

Answer 3

Scans files for virus
checks data before it is downloaded
constantly run in the background
run scheduled scans
Automatically updates virus definitions
Can quarantine or delete a virus

Question 4

Spyware

Answer 4

a program or piece of software
records the key presses on the users keyboard sends data about key presses back to the creator
Data can be analysed to find user password

Question 5

4 ways to protect from spyware

Answer 5

Install anti-spyware software
Input random characters
Use drop down menus
Generate time sensitive pins that change regularly

Question 6

Anti spyware software

Answer 6

Finds and removes spyware installed on a computer

Stops the recording of key presses

Question 7

Hacking

Answer 7

he act of gaining illegal access to a computer system without the owners consent or knowledge

Question 8

3 Protection from hacking

Answer 8

Install anti-hacking software
Use firewalls
Use strong passwords

Question 9

Consequences of hacking

Answer 9

Can lead to identity theft
Can lead to the loss of personal information
Data can be deleted, changed or corrupted

Question 10

cracking

Answer 10

The act of illegally changing the source code of a program so that it can be exploited for another use

Question 11

DOS attack

Answer 11

Denial of service attack

A large number of requests are sent to the network or server all at the same time
Designed to flood a network/server with useless traffic
The network/server will come to a halt trying to deal with all the traffic
Prevents users from gaining access to a website/server

Question 12

signs of a DOS attack

Answer 12

Slow network performance e.g. accessing websites

Unable to access particular websites or files

Question 13

prevent a DOS attack

Answer 13

1. Using an up-to-date malware/virus checker
2. Setting up a firewalls to restrict traffic to a server
3. Applying email filters to manage unwanted spam.
4. Be careful when opening attachments

Question 14

Phishing

Answer 14

Creator sends a legitimate looking email
User then clinks on a link and they are sent to a fake website
Steals personal data when user enters details
This leads to fraud or theft

Question 15

protection from phishing or pharming

Answer 15

ISP's can filter out phishing emails
Don't click on links
Look out for spelling errors
Look out for lack of personalisation e.g. Dear customer
Check the URL (link) is correct

Question 16

Pharming

Answer 16

Malicious code installed on a computer or web server
Code redirects the user to a fake website
Hacker can change IP address on the DNS server
Steals personal data when user enters details
This leads to fraud or theft

Question 17

Wardriving

Answer 17

Locating and using wifi connections illegally
Steals a users download/data allowance
Can access wireless network to steal personal data

Equipment needed is a
Laptop
Wireless Network Card
Antenna to pick up wireless signals

Question 18

Protection from wardriving

Answer 18

WEP encryption
Strong password protection for router
Use of firewall to prevent outside access

Question 19

prevent SPAM

Answer 19

Use a spam filter
Do not give out your email address
Keep an eye out for tick boxes when signing up