Internet

Question 1

web browser

Answer 1

Software that enables users to access resources on the WWW

Question 2

HTTP

Answer 2

Hypertext Transfer Protocol

A protocol that defines how messages are transmitted and formatted over the World Wide Web

Question 3

HTTPS

Answer 3

Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure

A protocol that defines how messages are transmitted (securely) and formatted over the World Wide Web
It means data sent to and from the web server is encrypted
A locked padlock is shown in the browser
It means a website uses TLS/SSL

Question 4

protocol

Answer 4

set of rules that define how devices communicate

Question 5

3 parts that make up a URL

Answer 5

Protocol
Domain name
File name

Question 6

URL

Answer 6

Uniform Resource Locator

The website address typed into a web browser

Question 7

Domain Name

Answer 7

A web servers name.
Each domain name is unique.
Used to identify IP addresses

Question 8

DNS

Answer 8

Domain Name System

Contains a database of IP addresses

1. you request an address (URL)
2. it looks up the domain name in a table
3. returns the corresponding IP address
4. or searches for the address from another server

Question 9

web server

Answer 9

Device that responds to requests to provide information and services over the world wide web
Distributes web pages (and other resources) as they are requested

Question 10

Types of server

Answer 10

File
Email
Print

Question 11

Accessing a web page

Answer 11

1 A web browser is opened
2 User enters a URL in the address bar
3 Browser sends a request to the DNS server for an IP address
4 DNS server uses the domain name to look up the corresponing IP address in a table
5 If not found it asks another DNS server
6 The IP address is then returned to the browser
7 Browser requests the web page using the IP address
8 Web server sends the page back to the browser
9 Browser interprets HTML and displays the web page

Question 12

ISP

Answer 12

Internet Service Provider

Companies that provide the user with access to the internet e.g. Virgin, BT, Sky

Question 13

NIC

Answer 13

Network Interface Card

connects a computer to a computer network

formats the data sent from the computer into the required format according to the protocols of the network

Each NIC has a unique ID (MAC address) assigned to it

Question 14

MAC address

Answer 14

Media Access Control

Unique ID assigned to a Network Interface Card
Hardware address - assigned by the manufacturer
It does not change(static)
12 Hex digits (6 digits Manufacturer ID and then 6 digits Serial Number)
e.g. 3A-34-53-C4-69-B8

Question 15

IP address

Answer 15

Internet Protocol address

A unique address for each device on a network / the Internet
Software address - allocated by the network
It can be static (does not change) or dynamic (can change)
It can be private (used on a local network) or public (used by a device on the internet)

Two versions
IPv4 (4 bytes e.g. 172.16.254.1)
IPv6 (16 bytes)

Question 16

cookies

Answer 16

small packets of browsing data
stored in a text file
stored by browser on computer
used by website when visited again

Question 17

7 Uses of cookies

Answer 17

to store personal information
to store login details
to save items in a shopping basket
to customise web pages
to track visited websites
to carry out targeted advertising
to store credit card details