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ARE 5.0 > Programming & Analysis (PA) > Flashcards

Programming & Analysis (PA) Flashcards

1
Q

I = PAT

A

Impact = population x affluence x technology

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2
Q

Landscape fragmentation & impacts

A

Loss of cohesive patterns of connectedness in a landscape. Negatively impacts biodiversity and landscape resilience.

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3
Q

Sustainable material selection (4)

A

Regionally available, sustainably harvested, low impact, and reused/recycled.

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4
Q

Sustainable energy design (2)

A

Energy conservation and use of regenerative energy sources

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5
Q

Sustainability elements to consider

A

Material selection, energy consumption, water use, waste, lighting, construction methods, site development practices

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6
Q

Building for Economic and Environmental Standards (BEES)

A

Evaluates the life cycle costs and environmental impacts of building materials in 10 areas of concern

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7
Q

5 LEED Categories

A

Site design and planning, energy use, water management, materials resources and waste, indoor environmental quality

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8
Q

BEES Life Cycle Assessment - 10 lmpacts

A
  1. Global warming potential
  2. Acidification potential
  3. Eutrophication potential
  4. Natural resource depletion
  5. IAQ impacts
  6. Solid waste impacts
  7. Smog
  8. Ecological toxicity
  9. Human toxicity
  10. Ozone depletion
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9
Q

Green building material requirements (9)

A
  1. Recycled / salvaged
  2. FSC wood
  3. Short term renewable (10 years)
  4. Toxin free
  5. Reduced material volume
  6. Low manufacturing footprint
  7. HVAC efficient
  8. Reusable or recyclable
  9. Locally sourced
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10
Q

ABS Piping

A

Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene. Used for waste pipes but contains very toxic materials and is expensive to manufacture.

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11
Q

Cast Iron pipe

A

No more durable than PVC but manufacturing has high environmental and energy impacts.

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12
Q

Dangers of PVC

A

Highly toxic manufacturing, not reusable or recyclable, cannot be safely burned.

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13
Q

Dangers of Cement Dust

A

High alkalinity can tamper with local groundwater PH and potentially harm aquatic life

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14
Q

Fly Ash Concrete

A

Add mixture for cement that uses by-product of burning coal. Increases strength of concrete mix and reduces the amount of Portland cement required.

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15
Q

What is the Brownfield Movement?

A

1990s push to find effective uses for abandoned and environmentally unsafe properties

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16
Q

Strategies for minimizing disturbed area

A

Clustering buildings, increasing density, and encouraging smaller building footprints

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17
Q

CINDI

A

Center for Integration of Natural Disaster Information

Info on local site hazards such as earthquakes, landslides, flood, etc.

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18
Q

What contributed to the transition of nomadism to urbanism?

A

Agriculture, religion, surplus of food, ceremony, and leadership.

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19
Q

Land Ordinance of 1785

A

Rectangular survey system for areas west of the Pennsylvania Ohio border. (16) 6x6 mile townships divided into 36 sections to make up a town.

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20
Q

Catchment Area

A

Region of primary market for a certain development (I.e. patrons at a proposed supermarket or students in a district)

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21
Q

Proxemics

A

Observations and theories of the use of space and how it defines a culture

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22
Q

Behavior settings

A

Locations and conditions of a location associated with ritual.

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23
Q

What utilities are typically found under roadways?

A

Sanitary sewers, storm sewers, and water mains

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24
Q

What utilities are typically found adjacent to roadways?

A

Electrical, telecommunications, and gas

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25
Q

Albedo

A

Solar reflectance. Measured on a scale of 0-1

26
Q

What are wetlands protected from?

A

Damage due to development, discharge, and destruction

27
Q

What areas are not suitable for development?

A
  • wetlands and sites within 100ft
  • elevations lower than 5 ft above 100 year floodplain
  • habitats for endangered species
  • historic sites
  • farm land
28
Q

Key elements of selecting BUILDING LOCATION

A
  • existing infrastructure
  • contribution to mixed use
  • public transportation / pedestrian
  • minimize vegetation clearing
  • minimize shadow on adjacent bldgs
  • maximize airflow
  • use of gravity sewer systems
29
Q

Key elements when deciding BUILDING GEOMETRY

A
  • minimize building footprint
  • optimize material use and limit waste
  • high reflectance roof (or green)
  • providing bicycle storage
30
Q

Bioswale

A

Shallow grass-lined ditch or channel designed to detain storm runoff and remove contaminants through phytoremediation

31
Q

What agency keeps topographical information of the US and located floodplains?

A

US Geological Survey (USGS)

32
Q

NFPA 1

A

Fire code

33
Q

NFPA 101

A

Life safety code

34
Q

NFPA 70

A

Electrical code

35
Q

ANSI Standard A117.1

A

Accessible and Usable Building Facilities. What ADA requirements are based on

36
Q

After ICC issues an update to IBC, how much time does a state have to adopt it?

A

No time limit.

37
Q

Steiner Tunnel Test

A

Surfacing burning test for interior finishes. Establishes a flame spread index (FSI). Part of ASTM E84

38
Q

SDI

A

Smoke Developed Index

39
Q

What does zoning primarily regulate?

A
  • what the parcel can be used for
  • how much can be covered by bldg
  • how large structures can be
  • setbacks
  • parking requirements
40
Q

What are 3 kinds of covenants?

A
  • restrictive
  • affirmative
  • conditional
41
Q

What factors are impacted by occupancy classification?

A
  • maximum area of building
  • maximum allowable height (in height and number of stories)
  • how the building is separated from other structures
  • egress design
  • use of fire partitions
42
Q

What are the critical things to determine during programming?

A
  1. Occupancy
  2. Construction Type
  3. Max Allowable Area & Height
  4. Energy Conservation Appraoch
43
Q

What are the least and most fire resistive construction types?

A

Type I (most resistive)
Type V (least resistive)

44
Q

What do the A & B suffixes mean on construction types?

A

Whether or not the building is fire-protected. A is protected, B is not.

45
Q

What factors should be determined at the start of schematic design? (After initial code review and and programming is completed)

A
  1. Calculate the occupant load of the building
  2. Complete in depth code review
46
Q

What climatic influences are part of schematic design?

A
  1. Solar orientation
  2. Design strategies for climatic regions
  3. Alternative Energy Systems
47
Q

Solar Altitude

A

Sun’s angle above the horizon

48
Q

Azimuth

A

Sun’s angle north/south from an east/west line.

49
Q

What is the best overall building orientation for the northern hemisphere?

A

Long edge facing south with a 5-25 degree angle east or west.

50
Q

What are (5) examples of sun shading that keeps the building cool in summer and warms it up in winter?

A
  1. Overhangs
  2. Shades
  3. Louvers
  4. Vertical Baffles
  5. Deciduous trees
51
Q

What are (4) energy efficiency techniques for cold climates?

A
  1. Use as little surface area as possible (cube)
  2. Large south facing windows
  3. Use dark colors for exterior
  4. High thermal mass interior finishes
52
Q

What are (3) energy efficiency techniques for hot, humid climates?

A
  1. Narrow floor plans for easy cross ventilation
  2. Provide shade at all openings
  3. Use light exterior colors
53
Q

What are (4) energy efficiency techniques for hot, arid climates?

A
  1. Use small surface area-volume ratio
  2. Minimize opening sizes
  3. Provide shade at openings
  4. Use light colors at building exterior
  5. Use materials with high thermal mass
54
Q

What are methods for passive solar heating?

A
  • orient building within 15 degrees of true south.
  • use thermal mass to capture heat
  • plant deciduous trees along south
55
Q

Radiative Cooling

A

Used thermal mass to tire heat during the day and releases to the outside at night

56
Q

Ground Coupling

A

Uses stable coolness of the earth to cool a building using a ground source heat pump

57
Q

Passive Solar Cooling

A

Uses concepts of shading, natural ventilation, radiative cooling, evaporative cooling, and ground coupling

58
Q

Natural cooling strategies

A
  • use passive solar cooling
  • trees and other landscape to shade
  • use shading devices
  • minimize glazed areas on east and west facades
  • use light or reflective materials
  • limit use of paving
  • take advantage of wind patterns
59
Q

What are the four main alternative energy systems?

A
  1. Passive solar heating
  2. Natural cooling
  3. Active Solar
  4. Photovoltaics
60
Q

What is the US Public Land Survey?

A

A grid system that establishes site boundaries. Made up of parallels (horizontal) and meridians (vertical). The grid is spaced 24 miles square

61
Q

Describe this designation:
T.13N, R.7E, 6th PM

A

Township 13 North, Range 7 east of the 6th principal meridian

ARE 5.0 (10 decks)

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