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Programming Flashcards

1
Q

What does ASCII represent?

A

Alphanumeric data

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2
Q

What is Binary used to represent?

A

Numbers, letters and symbols

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3
Q

Why do we use ASCII?

A

Because computers use all information in binary

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4
Q

How is each character represented?

A

As a binary number from 0 to 127

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5
Q

How is characters stored?

A

As a binary value in 7 bits. 1 bit is reserved for error checking

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6
Q

Why is ASCII limited?

A

As it doesn’t store all possible characters such as foreign languages or future symbols

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7
Q

Why can’t ASCII represent more characters?

A

We are limited by how many bits are used per character

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8
Q

What are variables?

A

Named objects that can store one item of data

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9
Q

What can variables hold?

A

Whole numbers, strings of characters, decimals, single characters or set to true or false

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10
Q

What do we use to declare a variable?

A

Dim

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11
Q

What are the data types?

A

Integer, decimal, char, string, Boolean

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12
Q

What are loops?

A

Loops are used in programs to carry out some instructions more than once

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13
Q

What are the two types of loops?

A

Conditional and fixed(unconditional)

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14
Q

When would you use a fixed loop?

A

If you know how many times the loop should be carried out

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15
Q

What is input validation?

A

Additional code that checks what has been entered and sees if it is sensible

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16
Q

What are the three types of testing?

A

Normal
Extreme
Exceptional

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17
Q

How would you fully test a program?

A

You need to use all three testing types

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18
Q

What is normal testing?

A

Data that you would expect to be inputted to the program eg enter year of study 2,4

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19
Q

What is extreme testing?

A

Data that is on the limits of acceptability. This type should make the program run even though it is on the borders of acceptability
Eg enter your year of study 1,6

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20
Q

What is exceptional testing?

A

Data that wouldn’t be inputted under normal use. Eg you would enter a letter when asked for number eg enter your year of study yes, -2000

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21
Q

What is the most basic component of any computer graphic?

A

Pixel

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22
Q

How would you work out the file size of something?

A 
File size = number of pixels in image X number of bits used per pixel eg 
600x400=240000
240000x24=5760000
5760000/8=720000
720000/1024=703 kb
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23
Q

What is the other way to calculate a file size?

A

If resolution given in DPI then:

Length X dpi X breadth X dpi

24
Q

What is floating point representation?

A

Standard form or scientific notation

25
What does floating point representation store?
Large numbers efficiently
26
110110011001 X 2^00000100 | What is the names for the numbers in this scientific form?
Number on left - mantissa Number on right - base Number above base - exponent
27
What is ASCII?
American Standard Code for Information Interchange
28
How would you work out the floating point representation?
(77x55) X (77x66) = 21522270 X 16 = 344356320 / 8 = 43044340/1024 = 42035.7 /1024= 41 MB
29
What are the three parts that the processor is made up from?
Control unit, Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU), Registers
30
What do registers store?
Data for the current instruction being processed. These are small temporary memory locations located on the processor
31
What is the Control Unit?
Carries out instructions that are fetched from main memory. It sends out signals that fetch instructions from main memory
32
What is the ALU?
Computer calculations being carried out eg addition, subtraction. It also carries out logical functions such as comparing values using IF, AND, , WHILE
33
What are the differences between backing storage and main memory?
Backing storage is outside the main processor, while main memory is located inside the computer
34
What does RAM stand for?
Random Access Memory
35
What does ROM stand for?
Read Only Memory
36
What is RAM?
Where the operating system is stored. Holds all programs and data. Processor can edit and read RAM
37
What is ROM?
Where data is stored permanently on computer system. Data not lost when you turn off computer
38
What is an example of backing storage?
USB pen drive
39
What is the main indicator of a computer speed?
Clock speed
40
What is clock speed?
Rate at which a processor carries out instructions
41
What would be the typical processor speed?
2.4 GHz
42
What does it mean when a computer has a processor speed of 2.4 GHz?
It carries out 2.4 BILLION INSTRUCTIONS A SECOND
43
What are buses?
Multiple lines that connect the processor and main memory and are used to TRANSFER DATA AND SEND SIGNALS BETWEEN THEM
44
What is an Address bus?
These are used to specify the address of the memory location that is to be read from or written to
45
what is the address bus direction?
Uni directional (one way)
46
What is the address bus made up of?
Parallel wires each carrying a single bit
47
What is a data bus?
This bus is used to transfer data between main memory and the processor
48
What is the data bus's direction?
Bi directional (two way) since data can be transferred from a location and vice versa
49
What do interfaces do?
Connect a computer and a device so. That they can work together
50
Where do we plug in most peripherals?
USB ports
51
What does an interface do
Data conversion - computers use digital but the majority of its peripherals and communication in the outside world and analogue Buffering - devices send out and receive data at different rates and the interface needs to compensate differences in speed.
52
what do translators do
it translates code written by humans into code understood by computer processors
53
what are interpreters
takes each line of high level language and translates it into machine code passes on instruction to processor to carry out works its way through code one line at a time
54
what are the advantages and disadvantages of interpreters
adv program will run even if not finished easy to spot errors during translation program will run as soon as first line is translated disadv no copy of machine code saved process of translating program slows down running of it need a translator program or you cannot run it
55
what are compilers
takes high level language and translates whole program into machine code at once this can be saved and kept an example of this is an .exe file
56
what are the adv and disadv of compilers
adv machine code is saved program only needs to be translated once doesnt need a translator program to run machine code runs quicker than an interpreter disadv have to wait until code is complete and errors have to be fixed before translation can be finished each time program changed it needs to be translated
57
what is an execution error
entering text when its asks you for a real number

Computing (8 decks)

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