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Computing > Information Systems > Flashcards

Information Systems Flashcards

1
Q

What is a database

A

Collection structured of similar information that can be accessed easily

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2
Q

What is data

A

It is raw, unprocessed information, doesn’t mean anything by itself

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3
Q

What is information

A

It is data which is processed to give it a meaning

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4
Q

What takes up more space - manual or electronic database

A

Manual

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5
Q

Which can be searched quickly - manual or electronic database

A

Electronic

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6
Q

Which is most expensive to set up - manual or electronic database

A

Manual

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7
Q

Which is most secure - manual or electronic database

A

Electronic

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8
Q

What does a database management system do

A

It’s a program that stores data

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9
Q

What are the main operations that a DBMS carries out?

A

Editing, sorting, searching, extracting

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10
Q

How is the data structures in a DBMS

A

Into files, records and fields

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11
Q

What is a file

A

Collection of similar data

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12
Q

What is a record

A

contains all the data about one particular person or object.

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13
Q

What is a field

A

name given to each separate item of data which is contained within the record

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14
Q

What are the data types in a database

A

Text, integer, real number, Boolean, decimal, currency, date, time

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15
Q

What is an advantage of using a computerised database

A

Calculated fields can be created

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16
Q

What is a primary key

A

To distinguish between records that have duplicate information we must specify one key as a primary key
Field that has a unique entry for every record

17
Q

What is data validation

A

Checking if the entered data is sensible and allowable

18
Q

How can you validate data?

A

Presence check - checking that you haven’t left an important field blank
Restricted choice - only allows user to choose from a list of valid values
Length check - only allows a specific amount of characters to be entered
Range check - allows data within a specific range

19
Q

What is one of the most powerful tools in a database

A

Is the ability that the program has to search through vast quantities of information

20
Q

What are types of searches

A

Simple search - search on one piece of criteria

Complex search - search on more than one criteria

21
Q

What is a flat file system

A

It is a table that contains all the data

22
Q

When can a flat file system be useful

A

When there is not a lot of data

23
Q

What are the disadvantages to using a flat file system

A

There might be duplication of data
If data is duplicated then there is inconsistency in the data
Insertion problems - data has to be included more than necessary
Deletion problems - if single record is deleted then it may remove important data

24
Q

How can the disadvantage of a flat file system be overcome?

A

By storing the data in a relational database

25
Q

What is a relational database

A

Allows you to create several tables and link them together

26
Q

What is an advantage of a relational database

A

Data not duplicated so less inconsistency

27
Q

What is a table

A

Collection of related data held in structured format within database. Consists of fields and records

28
Q

What is a form

A

a window or screen that contains numerous fields, or spaces to enter data.
More user friendly than viewing/ entering data in to a table

29
Q

What is a query

A

It is a question you ask the computer.

30
Q

What is a report

A

A database report presents information from a database. Information is displayed simply and efficiently. Reports can be printed from the database to view information quickly and easily.

31
Q

What is an information system?

A

Combination of computer hardware and software which is used to process, present, store and create information

32
Q

What are the three types of relationships?

A

One to one
One to many
Many to many

33
Q

What is a one to one relationship?

A

When every record in one table matches to one record in another table eg 1 husband having 1 wife

34
Q

What is a one to many relationship?

A

When every record in one table matches one or many records in another table

35
Q

What is a many to many relationship

A

When multiple records in a file have a relationship with multiple records in another file

Computing (8 decks)

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