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Construction Documents and Services > Program Planning and Practice > Flashcards

Program Planning and Practice Flashcards

1
Q

Chief goal in creating an architectural program

A

Identify the nature of the problem

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2
Q

Well-decomposed, more or less stable part of organic matter found in mineral soil

A

Humus

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3
Q

Mannerism architectural style

A

An expression in which classic elements are used unconventionally

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4
Q

Traffic circulation system for sustainable design community focus

A

Curvilinear System

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5
Q

Catchment Area

A

Geographic area that is the “Market” area for a specific project, such as a retail center or school district.

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6
Q

When do Coniferous trees screen out direct sunlight?

A

Winter, they allow it to pass in the summer

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7
Q

Kevin Lynch five basic elements

A

Paths, Edges, District, Landmark, Node

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8
Q

The goal of barrier-free design?

A

Permit Autonomous Functioning

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9
Q

Knurled door knob is for the benefit to someone who is?

A

Blind

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10
Q

Designation of a parcel of land for a use classification different from that of the surrounding area to favor a particular owner is called?

A

Spot Zoning

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11
Q

Siting buildings parallel to the contours is for?

A

Minimizing the amount of grading to fit on site

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12
Q

Topographic map includes

A

Property Lines, Easement and utilities, Location of streams and location of roads and buildings

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13
Q

True or False: Perpendicular parking layouts usually lead to the most rapid traffic flow

A

False

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14
Q

US System of surveying the public land divides land into?

A

townships and sections

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15
Q

What is a legal clause that places limitations or restrictions on the use of the property

A

Deed Restriction

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16
Q

Building Efficiency

A

Net to gross ratio - Relationship between program to space, structure, circulation and utility. Sum of programmed space divided by the total building area. Single Story can reduce circulation and increase efficiency.

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17
Q

Greek Towns

A

Based on rectilinear blocks for residential surrounded by centers.

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18
Q

Roman Towns

A

Two main roads, The cardo and decananus. Central areas (Forra) features grand buildings rather than marketplace. 3 principles: Symmetry, Axial Connections and Primary central feature

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19
Q

Medieval Towns

A

Enclosed within a wall and built on ruins of old roman towns, less geometrical ridge than roman and greek. Often irregular and clustered around church and cathedral. Star shape defensive wall, points for lookouts

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20
Q

Renaissance Towns

A

Reference greek idea of central and roman of classical central areas.

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21
Q

Preservation

A

Maintain and Repair of existing materials and retention of properties form as evolves over time

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22
Q

Restoration

A

Depict a property at a specific period of time in its history while removing evidence from other periods

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23
Q

Rehabilitation

A

Acknowledges the need to alter or add to meet continuing uses while maintaining historic character

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24
Q

Reconstruction

A

Recreates vanished or non-surving portions of a property for interpretive purposes

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25
Q

What sedimentation control method is used to prevent erosion?

A

Permanent seeding and landscaping

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26
Q

Co-op

A

Owns a share of a corporation that owns the property

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27
Q

Condo

A

Buyer obtains Absolute title to a portion of a structure

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28
Q

Partnering Characteristic

A
  • often used in conjunction with mediation and arbitration to prevent lawsuits
  • can include project participants other than owner, contractor and architect
  • applies only to the project at hand
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29
Q

Broadacre City

A

FLW, idea that urban center was no longer relevant. Each American family would be given an acre to build a home and grow their own food.

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30
Q

Bridging construction delivery method

A

Design-build concept that allows an owner to secure an early fixed price and take advantage of contractor’s knowledge of construction methods, materials and suppliers. Allows owner to establish what things they will be in control over, gives responsibility for details to contractor and permits owner to obtain architect when necessary.

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31
Q

What is not included in the Environmental Impact Statement

A

Letter of approval from EPA is not included

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32
Q

Why is Radial Organization best for social interaction

A

all inhabitants of a building pass through a central core to move to other spaces

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33
Q

Affirmative Covenant

A

Commits buyer to performing a special duty in the future, in perpetuity

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34
Q

Conditional Covenant

A

states if restrictions prescribed in deed are not followed, title to the land revers to original grantor or heirs

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35
Q

Conditional use permit

A

Provides permissions from a zoning board to use a property for a special purpose, such as serving the public. (hospital in residential neighborhood)

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36
Q

Contractors general overhead costs

A 
Costs that cannot be directly related to a project:
rent
utilities
advertising
staff
office supplies
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37
Q

Contractors project overhead costs

A

Exclude labor, materials and equipment

Include bonds, insurance, temporary facilities, permits and transportation. Costs directly related to a project.

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38
Q

Eminent Domain Property Value

A

Property value is determined by hearings, if either party is not satisfied a judge may appoint a jury to ermine the award. Not always fair market value

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39
Q

Perimeter to Floor Area Ration

A

The higher the Ratio the higher the unit cost. Ratio = Perimeter/Floor Area

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40
Q

Classical Column Calculation

A

The prescribed height of a classical column is a multiple of the diameter.

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41
Q

Image of the City - Kevin Lynch - What is an area that is perceived as a symbol of a city?

A

Core

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42
Q

Per Design with Nature, what type of site is most suitable for development

A

Forest/Woodland

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43
Q

Order of tolerance for suitable development (least to most)

A 
Surface water
Marshes
Flood Plains
Aquifer Recharge Area
Aquifer
Steep Slopes
Forests and Woodlands
Flat land excluding prime agricultural land
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44
Q

100 year flood plain

A

A flood level with a 1% probability of being equaled or surpassed each year

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45
Q

What type of scheduling is best for a project based on available hours and clients deadlines

A

Milestone chart

46
Q

Trombe Walls

A

Used for passive solar heating, but also good to resist a bomb impact

47
Q

What is Construction Management at Risk

A

Overlaps design and construction, would typically not have a complete CD set

48
Q

What is a cost evaluation “premium”

A

When performing a cost evaluation during the programming stage and using past projects, a premium is something that will add cost to a project in comparison to the model.

49
Q

What kind of line represents an existing contour line

A

A dash line represents an existing contour line

50
Q

Intent of defensible space

A

To allow residents to control the areas around their homes.

51
Q

Infiltration Basin

A

detains water and allows it to be absorbed slowly by the ground

52
Q

Bioswale

A

Grassy sloped ditch that filters storm runoff as it is directed away from a building or paved area

53
Q

Cistern

A

Tank for collecting and storing water

54
Q

When are knurled door knobs appropriate to use?

A

They are used principally to identify hazardous areas to those who are visually handicapped.

55
Q

What is the primary purpose of a set back?

A

Setbacks provide light, air, and spaciousness to surrounding properties. Although setbacks may be used to provide off street parking or fire fighting access neither of these are the principal reason.

56
Q

What is a zoning variance?

A

Exceptions or deviations to the precise terms of the zoning ordinance.

57
Q

What is spot zoning

A

Spot zoning is a small parcel that does not conform to the larger zoning area.

58
Q

What is an easement?

A

An easement allows a property owner to use the property of another person for a specific purpose.

59
Q

What are exiting requirements based on?

A

Calculations and building code requirements.

60
Q

Net SF per occupant: Assembly concentrated

A

7SF

61
Q

Net SF per occupant: Assembly- dining/gym

A

15 SF

62
Q

Net SF per occupant: Classroom

A

15-20

63
Q

Net SF per occupant: dorm or library reading room

A

50

64
Q

Net SF per occupant: dwelling

A

300

65
Q

Net SF per occupant: hospital

A

80

66
Q

Net SF per occupant: hotel and apartment , commercial kitchen

A

200

67
Q

Net SF per occupant: offices

A

100

68
Q

Net SF per occupant: shops

A

30-50 SF

69
Q

What are the general objectives for organizational values?

A 
Behavioral Interests and objectives
Circulation Aspects
Health Aspects
Adaptive Aspects
Cost Aspects
70
Q

Comparison Method/Market Data Approach Method

A

uses information on similar sized properties with similar amenities that are for sale in the area at the time of valuation.

71
Q

Development method/Anticipated Use Method

A

Used when the property may be subdivided for residential or commercial use. Example turning farm land into a residential community

72
Q

Ideal Slope for Parking

A

1.5% to 5%

73
Q

Ideal Slope for Building

A

Steeper the grade the higher the building cost

74
Q

Ideal slope for Grass

A

10%< grass <25%

75
Q

Ideal slop for ditches

A

2% to 10%

76
Q

Anthropomorphic

A

Idea of giving human characteristics to non-human things (LeCorb)

77
Q

Contingency Allowance

A

Typically 5% to 20%, higher in the earlier stages

78
Q

Who controls Air Rights

A

The FAA controls air-rights, not the property owner.

79
Q

What is included in an Architect’s Cost Opinion

A

Hard Costs
Contractor’s Overhead and Profit
Contingency Allowances

80
Q

Concrete Benefits

A

Efficient building construction and offers fire protection without additional components

81
Q

When are Room Data Sheets appropriate to be used for programming

A

Room Data sheets should be used when a high variety of spaces within the programming.

82
Q

Architect-Consultant Agreement

A

Passing through rights and responsibilities to the consultant and should address compensation. But no true requirements.

83
Q

Wind Break

A

A wind Break should include a cluster of trees that are all the same height.

84
Q

Public Enterprise Bond

A

Uses revenue from facility to pay for construction, such as an airport, hospital or stadium

85
Q

General Obligation Bond

A

Used for public buildings (schools, libraries, municipal buildings) that do not generate revenue

86
Q

Development Impact Fees

A

Developer paid fees to pay for public improvements to infrastructure.

87
Q

Behavior Setting

A

“Stage” for an event that occurs at a particular place.

Activities that happen are definable and Physical environment facilitates those activities

88
Q

Defensible Space Characteristics

A

Gated Streets
Strict enforcement of code regulations
loan programs for first-time buyers

89
Q

Road Hierarchy

A

Expressway
Arterial
Collector Distributor
Local Access Streets

90
Q

What is not permitted as a required exit

A

Escalator, Elevator and Fire Escapes

91
Q

Water Table Penetration

A

Buildings should not penetrate water table, special circumstances are necessary when it does, i.e close to the surface

92
Q

What kind of surfaces will help moderate a microclimate

A

Low Albedo (reflectance), High Conductivity (rate at which heat passes through)

93
Q

Neighborhood Center

A

Daily convenience and services, grocery store or pharmacy as anchor

94
Q

Community Center

A

Anchored by large supermarket with variety small services and specialty store

95
Q

Regional Center (Shopping Mall)

A

Anchored by clusters of big box retailers

96
Q

Uniformed Capital Recovery

A

Used to calculate annual value of present value

97
Q

Crime Prevention through Environmental Design Characteristics

A

Clear transition between public and private spaces
Provide windows for tenant surveillance
Locate stairways near heavily used areas

98
Q

Organic Soil Characteristic

A

Never Suitable for building

99
Q

Silt and Clay Soil Mechanics

A

Silts and clay allow water to migrate above the water table on a site.

100
Q

Shuttle Diplomacy

A

Act of revising a written document over and over until two parties agree.

101
Q

John Hancock Building in Chicago characteristics

A

Single Battered Inclined Tower
In a Paved Shopping Plaza
Exposed Steel Diagonal Braces

102
Q

Bubble Diagram

A

Also a programmatic Diagram that represents relative relationships of program elements for functional requirements and adjacencies

103
Q

Best Characteristics for Solar Orientation will minimize energy usage

A

Long side in east/west direction with stacked or staggered buildings to minimize heat gain

104
Q

Symmetry in architectural Design Characteristics

A

Formality
Uncomplicated Building Programs
Authority

105
Q

Site Planning Techniques to inhibit criminal activity

A

Sites subdivided by streets

Symbolic Barriers that define the boundaries of a site.

106
Q

Barrier Free Design

A

A multi-storied building poses a a drawback with barrier free design from an emergency exiting ability.

107
Q

Critical Path Method

A

System of scheduling construction operations in a network diagram manner showing sequencing through linking the individual operations together.

108
Q

Construction Document Phase

A

Final Calculations and detailed layouts are performed

109
Q

Contour Characteristics

A

Contour lines connect points of equal elevation
Solid contour lines represent proposed modifications
Dashed contour lines represent existing
Contour lines may close in on them selves at a summit

110
Q

Contour Line Definitions

A

Swale - Contour Points uphill

Ridge - Contour Points downhill

111
Q

Curve Contours

A

Concave is a curve pointing Down

Convex is a curve pointing up

112
Q

Building in a Flood Plain

A

Buildings can be building in a flood plain as long as structure is above flood level.

Construction Documents and Services (6 decks)

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