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Program Planning and Practice Flashcards

1
Q

Chief goal in creating an architectural program

A

Identify the nature of the problem

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2
Q

Well-decomposed, more or less stable part of organic matter found in mineral soil

A

Humus

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3
Q

Mannerism architectural style

A

An expression in which classic elements are used unconventionally

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4
Q

Traffic circulation system for sustainable design community focus

A

Curvilinear System

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5
Q

Catchment Area

A

Geographic area that is the “Market” area for a specific project, such as a retail center or school district.

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6
Q

When do Coniferous trees screen out direct sunlight?

A

Winter, they allow it to pass in the summer

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7
Q

Kevin Lynch five basic elements

A

Paths, Edges, District, Landmark, Node

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8
Q

The goal of barrier-free design?

A

Permit Autonomous Functioning

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9
Q

Knurled door knob is for the benefit to someone who is?

A

Blind

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10
Q

Designation of a parcel of land for a use classification different from that of the surrounding area to favor a particular owner is called?

A

Spot Zoning

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11
Q

Siting buildings parallel to the contours is for?

A

Minimizing the amount of grading to fit on site

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12
Q

Topographic map includes

A

Property Lines, Easement and utilities, Location of streams and location of roads and buildings

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13
Q

True or False: Perpendicular parking layouts usually lead to the most rapid traffic flow

A

False

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14
Q

US System of surveying the public land divides land into?

A

townships and sections

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15
Q

What is a legal clause that places limitations or restrictions on the use of the property

A

Deed Restriction

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16
Q

Building Efficiency

A

Net to gross ratio - Relationship between program to space, structure, circulation and utility. Sum of programmed space divided by the total building area. Single Story can reduce circulation and increase efficiency.

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17
Q

Greek Towns

A

Based on rectilinear blocks for residential surrounded by centers.

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18
Q

Roman Towns

A

Two main roads, The cardo and decananus. Central areas (Forra) features grand buildings rather than marketplace. 3 principles: Symmetry, Axial Connections and Primary central feature

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19
Q

Medieval Towns

A

Enclosed within a wall and built on ruins of old roman towns, less geometrical ridge than roman and greek. Often irregular and clustered around church and cathedral. Star shape defensive wall, points for lookouts

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20
Q

Renaissance Towns

A

Reference greek idea of central and roman of classical central areas.

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21
Q

Preservation

A

Maintain and Repair of existing materials and retention of properties form as evolves over time

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22
Q

Restoration

A

Depict a property at a specific period of time in its history while removing evidence from other periods

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23
Q

Rehabilitation

A

Acknowledges the need to alter or add to meet continuing uses while maintaining historic character

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24
Q

Reconstruction

A

Recreates vanished or non-surving portions of a property for interpretive purposes

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25
What sedimentation control method is used to prevent erosion?
Permanent seeding and landscaping
26
Co-op
Owns a share of a corporation that owns the property
27
Condo
Buyer obtains Absolute title to a portion of a structure
28
Partnering Characteristic
- often used in conjunction with mediation and arbitration to prevent lawsuits - can include project participants other than owner, contractor and architect - applies only to the project at hand
29
Broadacre City
FLW, idea that urban center was no longer relevant. Each American family would be given an acre to build a home and grow their own food.
30
Bridging construction delivery method
Design-build concept that allows an owner to secure an early fixed price and take advantage of contractor's knowledge of construction methods, materials and suppliers. Allows owner to establish what things they will be in control over, gives responsibility for details to contractor and permits owner to obtain architect when necessary.
31
What is not included in the Environmental Impact Statement
Letter of approval from EPA is not included
32
Why is Radial Organization best for social interaction
all inhabitants of a building pass through a central core to move to other spaces
33
Affirmative Covenant
Commits buyer to performing a special duty in the future, in perpetuity
34
Conditional Covenant
states if restrictions prescribed in deed are not followed, title to the land revers to original grantor or heirs
35
Conditional use permit
Provides permissions from a zoning board to use a property for a special purpose, such as serving the public. (hospital in residential neighborhood)
36
Contractors general overhead costs
``` Costs that cannot be directly related to a project: rent utilities advertising staff office supplies ```
37
Contractors project overhead costs
Exclude labor, materials and equipment Include bonds, insurance, temporary facilities, permits and transportation. Costs directly related to a project.
38
Eminent Domain Property Value
Property value is determined by hearings, if either party is not satisfied a judge may appoint a jury to ermine the award. Not always fair market value
39
Perimeter to Floor Area Ration
The higher the Ratio the higher the unit cost. Ratio = Perimeter/Floor Area
40
Classical Column Calculation
The prescribed height of a classical column is a multiple of the diameter.
41
Image of the City - Kevin Lynch - What is an area that is perceived as a symbol of a city?
Core
42
Per Design with Nature, what type of site is most suitable for development
Forest/Woodland
43
Order of tolerance for suitable development (least to most)
``` Surface water Marshes Flood Plains Aquifer Recharge Area Aquifer Steep Slopes Forests and Woodlands Flat land excluding prime agricultural land ```
44
100 year flood plain
A flood level with a 1% probability of being equaled or surpassed each year
45
What type of scheduling is best for a project based on available hours and clients deadlines
Milestone chart
46
Trombe Walls
Used for passive solar heating, but also good to resist a bomb impact
47
What is Construction Management at Risk
Overlaps design and construction, would typically not have a complete CD set
48
What is a cost evaluation "premium"
When performing a cost evaluation during the programming stage and using past projects, a premium is something that will add cost to a project in comparison to the model.
49
What kind of line represents an existing contour line
A dash line represents an existing contour line
50
Intent of defensible space
To allow residents to control the areas around their homes.
51
Infiltration Basin
detains water and allows it to be absorbed slowly by the ground
52
Bioswale
Grassy sloped ditch that filters storm runoff as it is directed away from a building or paved area
53
Cistern
Tank for collecting and storing water
54
When are knurled door knobs appropriate to use?
They are used principally to identify hazardous areas to those who are visually handicapped.
55
What is the primary purpose of a set back?
Setbacks provide light, air, and spaciousness to surrounding properties. Although setbacks may be used to provide off street parking or fire fighting access neither of these are the principal reason.
56
What is a zoning variance?
Exceptions or deviations to the precise terms of the zoning ordinance.
57
What is spot zoning
Spot zoning is a small parcel that does not conform to the larger zoning area.
58
What is an easement?
An easement allows a property owner to use the property of another person for a specific purpose.
59
What are exiting requirements based on?
Calculations and building code requirements.
60
Net SF per occupant: Assembly concentrated
7SF
61
Net SF per occupant: Assembly- dining/gym
15 SF
62
Net SF per occupant: Classroom
15-20
63
Net SF per occupant: dorm or library reading room
50
64
Net SF per occupant: dwelling
300
65
Net SF per occupant: hospital
80
66
Net SF per occupant: hotel and apartment , commercial kitchen
200
67
Net SF per occupant: offices
100
68
Net SF per occupant: shops
30-50 SF
69
What are the general objectives for organizational values?
``` Behavioral Interests and objectives Circulation Aspects Health Aspects Adaptive Aspects Cost Aspects ```
70
Comparison Method/Market Data Approach Method
uses information on similar sized properties with similar amenities that are for sale in the area at the time of valuation.
71
Development method/Anticipated Use Method
Used when the property may be subdivided for residential or commercial use. Example turning farm land into a residential community
72
Ideal Slope for Parking
1.5% to 5%
73
Ideal Slope for Building
Steeper the grade the higher the building cost
74
Ideal slope for Grass
10%< grass <25%
75
Ideal slop for ditches
2% to 10%
76
Anthropomorphic
Idea of giving human characteristics to non-human things (LeCorb)
77
Contingency Allowance
Typically 5% to 20%, higher in the earlier stages
78
Who controls Air Rights
The FAA controls air-rights, not the property owner.
79
What is included in an Architect's Cost Opinion
Hard Costs Contractor's Overhead and Profit Contingency Allowances
80
Concrete Benefits
Efficient building construction and offers fire protection without additional components
81
When are Room Data Sheets appropriate to be used for programming
Room Data sheets should be used when a high variety of spaces within the programming.
82
Architect-Consultant Agreement
Passing through rights and responsibilities to the consultant and should address compensation. But no true requirements.
83
Wind Break
A wind Break should include a cluster of trees that are all the same height.
84
Public Enterprise Bond
Uses revenue from facility to pay for construction, such as an airport, hospital or stadium
85
General Obligation Bond
Used for public buildings (schools, libraries, municipal buildings) that do not generate revenue
86
Development Impact Fees
Developer paid fees to pay for public improvements to infrastructure.
87
Behavior Setting
"Stage" for an event that occurs at a particular place. | Activities that happen are definable and Physical environment facilitates those activities
88
Defensible Space Characteristics
Gated Streets Strict enforcement of code regulations loan programs for first-time buyers
89
Road Hierarchy
Expressway Arterial Collector Distributor Local Access Streets
90
What is not permitted as a required exit
Escalator, Elevator and Fire Escapes
91
Water Table Penetration
Buildings should not penetrate water table, special circumstances are necessary when it does, i.e close to the surface
92
What kind of surfaces will help moderate a microclimate
Low Albedo (reflectance), High Conductivity (rate at which heat passes through)
93
Neighborhood Center
Daily convenience and services, grocery store or pharmacy as anchor
94
Community Center
Anchored by large supermarket with variety small services and specialty store
95
Regional Center (Shopping Mall)
Anchored by clusters of big box retailers
96
Uniformed Capital Recovery
Used to calculate annual value of present value
97
Crime Prevention through Environmental Design Characteristics
Clear transition between public and private spaces Provide windows for tenant surveillance Locate stairways near heavily used areas
98
Organic Soil Characteristic
Never Suitable for building
99
Silt and Clay Soil Mechanics
Silts and clay allow water to migrate above the water table on a site.
100
Shuttle Diplomacy
Act of revising a written document over and over until two parties agree.
101
John Hancock Building in Chicago characteristics
Single Battered Inclined Tower In a Paved Shopping Plaza Exposed Steel Diagonal Braces
102
Bubble Diagram
Also a programmatic Diagram that represents relative relationships of program elements for functional requirements and adjacencies
103
Best Characteristics for Solar Orientation will minimize energy usage
Long side in east/west direction with stacked or staggered buildings to minimize heat gain
104
Symmetry in architectural Design Characteristics
Formality Uncomplicated Building Programs Authority
105
Site Planning Techniques to inhibit criminal activity
Sites subdivided by streets | Symbolic Barriers that define the boundaries of a site.
106
Barrier Free Design
A multi-storied building poses a a drawback with barrier free design from an emergency exiting ability.
107
Critical Path Method
System of scheduling construction operations in a network diagram manner showing sequencing through linking the individual operations together.
108
Construction Document Phase
Final Calculations and detailed layouts are performed
109
Contour Characteristics
Contour lines connect points of equal elevation Solid contour lines represent proposed modifications Dashed contour lines represent existing Contour lines may close in on them selves at a summit
110
Contour Line Definitions
Swale - Contour Points uphill | Ridge - Contour Points downhill
111
Curve Contours
Concave is a curve pointing Down | Convex is a curve pointing up
112
Building in a Flood Plain
Buildings can be building in a flood plain as long as structure is above flood level.

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