Professions in psychology Module 1 1st year Flashcards
Mention different types of psychologists
Counselling
clinical
educational
organisational
research
Health
Social
+ The difference between a psychologist and a psychiatrist
What is the difference between a psychologist and a psychiatrist?
A psychiatrist is a medical doctor by profession and has specialized in the field of psychiatry. A psychiatrist works with much more severe problems and uses medication as a form of treatment
A psychologist uses the method of talking therapy and cannot prescribe medications to help clients. First, a psychologist needs to have a bachelor in psychology then they need to specialize in a specific area
(Referral)
They work together!
What is a clinical psychologist and mention some issues that they deal with?
They work to promote psychological health and reduce psychological distress
They work on a variety of mental and physical health problems such as addictions,depression, anxiety, learning disabilities, eating disorders personality disorders, or problems with adjusting to life. difficult phases in their life.
State on what type of people clinical psychologists help and state some roles and responsibilities.
Clinical psychologists can conduct therapy with individuals groups or families. (they focus on people who are struggling with much more complex mental health conditions)
Some roles:
work in a multidisciplinary team
conduct therapy
monitor client progress
undergo supervision and personal therapy
Mention some work opportunities where a clinical psychologist can work
Hospitals
Mental health care centres like Mount Carmel
Private practise
Schools
University
Rehab centres
What is a counselling psychologist?
They help people adjust to life adjustments or transitions. They work with couples, individuals, families and groups.
They focus on issues like:
anger management
stress
bereavement
suicide
abuse
trauma
addictions
Mention some work opportunities where counselling psychologists can work
Mental health centres
prison
private practise
appogg
schools
University
Mention some roles of a counselling psychologist.
Conduct therapy
Work in a multidisciplinary team
Establish a trustful and respectful working relationship with the client
They encourage their clients to talk about certain experiences and emotions
Conduct research
Counselling and clinical psychology are very similar. How can we distinguish between these 2 professions?
Counselling: they work with much healthier clients. Deal with more emotional and social issues
Clinical: they work with much more complex mental health disorders like personality or depressive disorders
To treat people going to psychologists different approaches are used. Mention 4 types of approaches that can be used to help people suffering from specific issues.
Eclectic approach
Psychoanalytical approach
Cognitive behavioural therapy
Humanistic perspective
Explain every one of these theories and approaches to help clients.
Eclectic approach: psychologists use different approaches based on the needs of the client
ex: Jane is experiencing depressive symptoms, and the doctor told her to go to a clinical psychologist. The clinical psychologist will now use lots of approaches based on the client which is Jane
Psychoanalytical approach: frequent sessions are conducted
Free association is used: the client would be asked to lie down, and to say whatever comes to mind, to figure out what is hidden in his or her unconscious mind. Recounting dreams,+ past experiences
Then the therapist will look for hidden signs and patterns
Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT):
aims at improving mental health:
A type of psychotherapy in which negative patterns of thought about the world and oneself are challenged to change unwanted behaviour patterns or treat mood disorders like depression
Important to educate about depression and its symptoms
Identify the negative beliefs and look for evidence for and against them. When Jane does this she might be able to see that she viewed the world in black and white. This could challenge her to be more assertive and start doing activities that make her feel good about herself.
Humanistic perspective: the therapist would ask Jane to figure out what is missing in her life.a hobby? friendships? Whatever she thinks that will make her fully self-actualized as a form of treatment
In the humanistic approach, the therapist focuses on the strengths of the client and not her faults
What does self-help mean?
The client realizes that they are responsible for their happiness and can make changes
What is an educational psychologist?
They focus on the relationship between learning and the environment
They help students with difficulties regarding learning, development, behaviour and emotions.
Mention some roles of an educational psychologist and mention some work opportunities.
Roles: conduct research
attend conferences or seminars
write reports
work in a team: parents teachers and other professionals
provide assessments
work in a multidisciplinary team
They can work in schools, private practice, university,or governmental agencies
What are some approaches that educational psychologists make use of?
Humanistic approach. ex: client-centred approach and the whole person perspective: the therapist might ask the client how she feels about herself/himself if she has low self-confidence. (client centred approach and the whole person perspective)
Cognitive behavioural therapy:
ex: scaffolding in learning: when the teacher reads out the text, the teacher will chunk the text they will read and discuss through it.
Preventive approaches:
establish strategies to avoid future obstacles and facilitate their life at school
(eclectic approach)
