Memory (Cognitive approach)

Question 1

Why are memory and human learning interdependent?

Answer 1

Whenever we remember something, it involves the previous recall of previous learning.

Because we can never learn anything if we forget everything that we have just learned

Question 2

What are the 3 links when speaking about learning and memory?

Answer 2

Encoding: Extracting the meaning of the material that you are trying to learn (can be visual semantic or acoustic)
Storage: Some of the information, encoded in step 1 ,is stored in long-term memory
Retrieval: Accessing the information stored in the long term memory for example: recalling someone’s name or ,recognizing a familiar face

Question 3

Mention 3 ways how information can be remembered and retrieved.

Answer 3

Free recall: A memory test in which words remembered are written in any order (the most difficult 1 because no hints are given) ex: shopping list
Cued recall: A memory test where clues are given to help remembering (easiest)
Recognition test: This is a test where the person has to decide whether the items presented on the test were presented before (“intermediate level”)

Question 4

Differentiate between: Sensory,STM,and LTM memory

Answer 4

Sensory memory: Information which is retained for a very brief moment, even if we do not pay attention to it. : what someone said to us a moment ago

STM: Information which is currently in mind. It has limited capacity and only lasts for a few seconds.
Ex: remembering a telephone number for a few seconds.

LTM: Contains stored information which doesn’t need to be presently accessed or consciously accessible. (Unlimited capacity) For: knowledge on how to ride a bike or the happiest day of your life.

Question 5

Who came up with the Multistore model?

Answer 5

Atkinson and Shiffrin

Question 6

How does information get into the LTM?

Answer 6

Rehearsal

Question 7

Define Rehearsal

Answer 7

Verbal repetition of information which causes information to proceed from STM to LTM. However the role played by rehearsal is exaggerated in the multistore model because most of the information in LTM is not rehearsed during learning.

Question 8

Draw the Multistore model by Atkinson and Shiffrin

Question 9

What does the multisotre model by Atkinson and Shiffrin state

Answer 9

That we process information in different short term memory depending on the information.

Question 10

What is the evidence that we have separate short term and long term memory systems?

Answer 10

Brain damaged patients

Question 11

Explain amnesia

Answer 11

Patients witch this condition have a normal STM but a poor LTM