Pro social 1st year Module 2 Flashcards
What is pro-social behaviour?
Behaviour which focuses on helping other people
This behaviour may or may not help the person receving the help
True or false.
Pro-social behaviour might be harmful
False.
Because it can be advantageous to the person receiving the help, and to the person giving help to the other person
Mention a type of pro-social behaviour.
Altruism
Explain altruism
Altruism is the desire to help someone in need. And it is not motivated by expecting something else in return
Altruism can be costly to the person performing it.
What causes altruistic behaviour?
Empathy
Define empathy
Empathy is the ability to understand and share another person’s feelings and put yourself in someone else’s shoes. (you put yourself in the emotional frame of mind and perspective of another person)
Give examples regarding altruism
Charities
Feeding stray animals
Giving money or food to a homeless person
Blood organ donation
saving lives during the war
True or false
Altruism is associated with selfishness
False
It’s associated with SELFLESSNESS
What is the empathy altruism hypothesis? And how it is divided.
(BATSON)
The founder of this theory stated that altruistic behaviour is mostly caused by empathy
There are 2 main types of emotional reactions when observing someone in distress.
Personal distress and emphatic concern
Personal distress: you want to reduce your discomfort when watching a person in distress
Empathic concern: want to reduce the person’s suffering (the person here is compassionate and soft-hearted)
Batson believes that altruism is caused by empathic concern
What does the negative state relief model state?
Cialdini who is the founder of this theory stated that when we feel empathy for a person, we feel sad at the same time. So we help the victim to reduce our sadness, this is selfish. (It is not genuine)
Do children show pro-social behaviour?
According to psychologists children do not show pro-social behaviour.
Freud and Piaget argued that children often engage more in self-centred egocentric and anti-social behaviour
However, research found other interesting things. What did Zahn Waxler et al conclude?
They concluded that children do show altruistic behavior and this increases with age
They have 2 children: 1 year and a month and a year and 8 months old, and it showed that 10% of the time they showed pro-social behaviour. Ex: sad or troubled faces
Empathetic concern: doubled with older children. ExL sharing food,o r giving a hug,sharing a favourite toy
1 yr 11 months and 2 yrs and 1 month
Svetlova et al came up with 3 types of pro-social behaviour in children. Mention and explain them
THERE IS A LIMIT TO HOW MUCH CHILDREN SHOW PRO-SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR
Instrumental: Helping to help a person achieve something ex: climbing on a chair
Empathic: feeling troubled and worried for another person
Altruistic: helping someone at a personal cost ex: giving a toy to another child
Which type of pro-social behaviour do children manifest the most and which is the one which manifests the least?
Instrumental: the most common
Emphatic: much less than instrumental
Altruistic: rare
. Altruistic behaviour was mainly shown by the adults. If altruistic behaviour was done by children it was mainly done to get a reward and not in a genuine altruistic spirit.
Mention some factors which influence pro-social behaviour in kids.
Genetic factors: studies have shown that identical twins showed more pro-social behaviour rather than fraternal twins
Environmental factors: having a loving relationship with the parents increases high levels of pro-social behaviour