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Chemistry > Products From Oil > Flashcards

Products From Oil Flashcards

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0
Q

What do cracking products produce?

A

Alkanes and alkanes

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1
Q

How can hydrocarbon molecules be broken down? Via cracking

A

By heating then with steam to very high temperatures or by passing their vapours over a hot catalyst

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2
Q

What are alkenes

A

Unsaturated hydrocarbons

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3
Q

Alkenes turn what to water

A

Bromine to water from orange to colourless

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4
Q

How can large hydrocarbon molecules be broken down into smaller ones?

A

By a process called cracking

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5
Q

During cracking thermal decomposition, reactions a mixture of smaller what?

A

Mixture of smaller molecules

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6
Q

These alkanes with smaller molecules are good for what?

A

Useful fuels

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7
Q

Why are alkenes unsaturated hydrocarbons?

A

Because they contain feet hydrogen atoms then alkanes with the same number of carbon atoms

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8
Q

Give an example of cracking

A

Decane - catalyst 800 a pentane + propene + ethene

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9
Q

What do alkenes have that make then more reactive then alkanes?

A

Alkenes have a double bond between two cabin atoms

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10
Q

Why can different mixtures of alkanes and alkenes be produced by cracking?

A

Because different hydrocarbons can be used and the conditions for the reaction can be changed

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11
Q

What are plastics made of?

A

Very large molecules called polymers

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12
Q

What are polymers made of?

A

Very small molecules joined together called monomers

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13
Q

What’s the reaction to make a polymer called?

A

Polymerisation

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14
Q

Howls are polymers made?

A

From many small molecules or monomers that react or join together or polymerise to make a very large or long molecule

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15
Q

It’s of ethene molecules can join together to make what?

A

To form poly(ethen)

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16
Q

What happens the polymerisation reaction on ethene

A

The double bond in each ethene molecule because a bungle bond and thousands of ethene molecules join together in long chains

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17
Q

Name two alkenes

A

Ethene and propene

18
Q

What other alkenes can polymerise in a similar way to poly ethene

A

Propene

19
Q

What are many of the plastics we use as bags, bottles, containers made from?

A

Alkenes

20
Q

What do materials scientists can design new polymers to make have what properties?

A

Special properties and particular uses. For ex camper packing clothes or medical application

21
Q

Name a new polymer used by dentists and it’s function

A

Uv light made from a Light sensitive polymers. Been developed to replace fillings that contain mercury.

22
Q

What can light polymers be used for other the in dentists

A

Used in sticking plasters to cover a wound so the plasters can be easily removed

23
Q

Hydrogel and polymers can what?

A

Trap water - have many uses like dressing wounds

24
Q

What can shape memory polymers do?

A

Change back into their old original shape when temperature or the conditions are changed

25
Q

An example of a shape memory polymer and it’s other name

A

Smart polymer. A material used for stitching wounds that changes changes shape when heated by body temperature

26
Q

How can divers that are used to make fabrics, become waterproof and breathable?

A

By being coated with polymers

27
Q

What can the plastic used to make fabrics be used as once recycled

A

To make polyester fibres for clothing as well as filing pillows and duvets

28
Q

How does a shape memory polymer work in stitching?

A

Then the body temp changes, the thread tightens ad closes the wound

29
Q

Many polymers are not …. What does this mean?

A

Biodegradable. This means plastic waste is not broken down when left in the environment

30
Q

What the bad thing about polymers not being biodegradable

A

unless disposed of properly, plastic ribose gets everywhere. It’s unsightly ad can be harmful to wildlife, even in landfill sights it takes up valuable space

31
Q

Why are we using more plastics that are biodegradable?

A

Because microorganisms can break down these plastics. These plastics break down hen they come into contact with soil

32
Q

What can be done to non-biodegradable polymers so that they can be broken down?

A

Cornstarch is mixed Into the plastic. Microorganisms break down this cornstarch so the plastic breaks down into small pieces that can be mixed with soil or compost

33
Q

biodegradable plastics can be made from one what? Give an example

A

Plant material. A polymer made from corset arch that is used for biodegradable food packing

34
Q

Some plastics can be recycled but why is it hard ?

A

Because there are so many different types of plastic so it’s difficult

35
Q

What’s ethanols formula. What does the par that’s added stand for?

A

C2H6O - shows the OH group on the molecule and means that it’s an alcohol

36
Q

How can ethanol be produced?

A

By fermentation of sugar from plants using yeast

37
Q

What do the enzymes in yeast cause the sugar to covert to?

A

Ethanol and carbon dioxide

38
Q

How else can ethanol be produced?

A

Made by the hydration of ethene

39
Q

How is ethanol obtained from ethene

A

Ethene reacts with steam at high temperatures in the presence of a catalyst

40
Q

What does ethanol produced by fermentation come from?

A

A renewable source

41
Q

Where is fermentation done but what I the problem with it

A

At room temp but can only produce a dilute aqueous solution of ethanol so would have to used fraction distillation to be deprecated and make pure ethanol

42
Q

Ethanol produced from ethene uses?

A

And in renewable source - crude oil. The recto on can be done continuously but requires high temperatures

Chemistry (7 decks)

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