Our Changing Planet

Question 0

On the surface of tr earth there is a crust hat is what?

Answer 0

Thin&solid - very thin layer that varies in think ness between 5km and 70 km

Question 1

What’s the earths diameter

Answer 1

12800km

Question 2

What’s under the crust and how think is it?

Answer 2

The mantle and 3000km - it goes half way to the centre of the earth land is almost intently solid but parts of it can flow very slowley

Question 3

The core

Answer 3

Half the diameter of the earth. High proportion of the magnetic metals iron and nickel has a liquid outer part and a soils inner part

Question 4

The atmosphere

Answer 4

Most of air is within 19km of the surface and atmosphere is 100km of the surface

Question 5

All raw materials that we depend on come from where?

Answer 5

The crust, oceans and the atmosphere (meaning they are limited)

Question 6

The earths layers in order

Answer 6

Atmosphere, crust, mantle, outer core, inner core

Question 7

What are tectonic plates believed to be? Why so they do this?

Answer 7

The crust and upper part of the mantle have broken into these plates and move a few centre meters a year because of convection currents In the mantle Beneath them.

Question 8

What are convection currents in the lower mantle caused by?

Answer 8

By energy being realised by decay of radioactive elements heating up the mantle

Question 9

How build up where plates meet and what does this cause?

Answer 9

Huge forces. Earthquake and sudden movement volcanos and mountains

Question 10

Why can scientists predict when earthquakes will happen?

Answer 10

We don’t know enough about what’s happening in the earth - we can’t make accurate predictions

Question 11

What causes tectonic plates to move?

Answer 11

Convection currents caused by Heston of the mantle inside the earth from radioactivity an the decay of radioactive elements

Question 12

Who came up with the theory of continental drift? Why was theirs idea not accepted for years?

Answer 12

Alfred wegener - because he couldn’t explain why continents moved. They though in 1915 that the earth was shrinking as it cooled

Question 13

When was the earth believed to be formed - what did they believe happened in the first billion years

Answer 13

4.5 billion years ago - fist billon years the earth was covered with volcanos that released cabin dioxide and water vapour and nitrogen

Question 14

What happened to the water vapour

Answer 14

Believed to have cooled to form oceans

Question 15

What did scientist believe that atmosphere was made from

Answer 15

Carbon dioxide, little water vapour - nitrogen as some maths me and ammonia

Question 16

What evolved I the next two billion years

Answer 16

Bacteria, algae and plants which used co2 for photosynthesis and released oxygen

Question 17

What did plants that produce oxygen evolve from?

Answer 17

Organisms like plankton and algae in ancient oceans

Question 18

Why don’t we know how molecules of the simplest living things were formed

Answer 18

Insufficient evidence

Question 19

What’s the miller and urey experiment - 1952

Answer 19

Use a mixture of water, ammonia, methane and hydrogen and a high voltage spark to stimulate lighting (they believe this was in wary life’s atmosphere) - they found amino acids the building blocks for proteins had been produced

Question 20

What’s primordial soup?

Answer 20

That amino acids in this mixture combined to make proteins from which life began

Question 21

Where did carbon that was taken in from plants end up? What did this mean?

Answer 21

In plant and animals remains as sedimentary rocks and fossil fuels

Question 22

What was limestone formed from?

Answer 22

The shells and skeletons o mar none organisms

Question 23

What do foul fuels contain?

Answer 23

Carbon and hydrogen from plants and animals

Question 24

Carbon dioxide dissolves in the oceans this means?

Answer 24

That some probably formed insoluble carbonate compounds that were deposited on the sea bed and became sedimentary rocks

Question 25

In what ways did carbon from cabin dioxide because locked up?

Answer 25

In fossil fuels as sedimentary rocks (limestone)

Question 26

Name the atmosphere percentages

Answer 26

78% nitrogen, 21% Oxygen, 0.04% carbon dioxide and 0.9% argon

Question 27

How can gasses in the air be deprecated from liquid air

Answer 27

By fractional distillation because they all have different boiling points

Question 28

What is fraction distillation of liquid air done?

Answer 28

It’s done industrially to produce pure oxygen and liquid nitrogen which hve important uses

Question 29

What happens in fraction distillation?

Answer 29

The air is cooled below -200*c and fed up into a fraction distillation column. Nitrogen is separated from oxygen an Aragon and further distillation is used to produce pure oxygen and Aragon

Question 30

Why does cabin move in and out of the atmosphere?

Answer 30

Due to plants animals oceans and rocks

Question 31

Why had the amount of carbon dioxide rises in resent past?

Answer 31

Due o the amount of fossil fuels we now burn

Question 32

Two process that remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere

Answer 32

Photosynthesis & dissolve in water/oceans

Question 33

To processes that put carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

Answer 33

Burning & respiration