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Chemistry > Metals and their uses > Flashcards

Metals and their uses Flashcards

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0
Q

Ores need to be consent rated before extracted, what does this lead to?

A

Large amounts of waste

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1
Q

What’s the name of a rock that contains enough metal for it to being extracted

A

Ore

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2
Q

How can metals e extracted from compounds?

A

By displacement using more a reactive element

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3
Q

What’s a reduction reaction?

A

A reaction that takes place as carbon removes the oxygen from the oxide to produce the metal

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4
Q

Metals which are less reactive then carbon can be extracted from the oxides by heating what?

A

Carbon

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5
Q

What do we call the removal of oxygen from metal oxide?

A

Reduction

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6
Q

Metals are usually found in the earths crust and are often chemically combined with what?

A

Other elements such as oxygen

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7
Q

An ore contains enough metal to make it worth what?

A

Extracting metal

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8
Q

What’s an ore?

A

A rock that contains enough of a metal or a metal compound for it to be worth extracting

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9
Q

How is iron oxide reduced?

A

It’s put in a blast furnace at high temperatures using carbon

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10
Q

What is the texture of iron from the blast furnace

A

Too brittle for many uses as cat iron

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11
Q

What is most steel converted into?

A

Alloys called steel

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12
Q

What do steels contain?

A

Carefully controlled quantities of carbon and other elements

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13
Q

Many of the ores are used to produce what?

A

Iron that contain iron oxide

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14
Q

The iron produced in a black furnace is how many percent iron?

A

96%

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15
Q

What can alloys do?

A

Can be made so that they have properties for specific uses

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16
Q

What’s a steel?

A

An alloy of iron with small amounts of carbon or other metals such as nickel and chromium added

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17
Q

What’s a alloy?

A

A mixture of metals (sometimes none metals)

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18
Q

What’s the difference between low carbon steels and high carbon steels?

A

Low carbon steels are easily shaped and high carbon steels are hard

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19
Q

Which steels resist corrosion?

A

Stainless steels that have larger quantities of other metals

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20
Q

Aluminium and titanium resist what? They also have a low what on comparison to other metals?

A

Corrosion. & low densities

21
Q

What can’t aluminium oxides be extracted by? And why is this?

A

Carbon, because aluminium is more reactive then carbon

22
Q

Why is aluminium expensive

A

Because the process of extracting aluminium requires huge amounts of electricity and high temps

23
Q

How can aluminium be extracted?

A

By electrolysis of molten aluminium oxide

24
Q

What is stronger, pure aluminium or alloys of aluminium, why?

A

Alloys of aluminium are stronger and harder & have many uses

25
Q

What density does titanium have compared with other strong metals

A

Low density

26
Q

Titanium can be reduced by what? But what does this make this do?

A

Carbon but the metal reacts with carbon and makes it brittle

27
Q

How is titanium extracted from it’s ore?

A

By a process that involves several stages an large amounts of high energy - this process is expensive

28
Q

How can copper be extracted from copper rich ores?

A

By smelting

29
Q

What’s smelting?

A

This means heating the ore strongly in a furnace

30
Q

What does smelting produce? And how can this be reversed?

A

Impure copper which can be purified by electrolysis

31
Q

Copper rich ores are limited or unlimited? This means scientists are doing what?

A

Limited. Scientists are developing new ways of extracting copper from low grade ores. These methods can have less environmental impact then smelting

32
Q

What is phytomining

A

The use of plants to absorb copper compounds from the ground. The plants are burned and produce ash which copper can be extracted

33
Q

What’s is bioleaching?

A

The use of bacteria to produce solutions containing copper compounds

34
Q

What can solutions of copper compounds be reacted with to displace the copper

A

A metal that is more reactive then copper such as scrap iron

35
Q

What does displace mean?

A

When one element takes the place of another in a compound

36
Q

How can copper be extracted from solutions of copper compounds?

A

By electrolysis

37
Q

What are the elements in the central block of the periodic table are known as what?

A

Transition metals

38
Q

What are translation metals? What are there properties?

A

All metals and have similar properties. They are all good conductors of heat and electricity

39
Q

How are transition metals useful an why is this?

A

Because they can be used as materials for buildings, vehicles, containers, pipes and wires - this is because they are sting but can be bent or hammered into shape

40
Q

What is good about copper and how can this be used?

A

Good conductor of heat and doesn’t react with water. Can be bent but is hard enough to keep shape. Useful for pipes in tanks and heading Systems. Good conductor of electricity - used for electrical wiring

41
Q

Most metals we use arnt pure. What is done to pure iron, copper, gold and aluminium

A

Thy are mixed with other elements to make alloys that are harder to keep their shape

42
Q

What is iron made into?

A

Steels

43
Q

What’s gold used for?

A

Usually an alloy and used for making jewellery

44
Q

What do copper alloys include?

A

Bronze ad brass

45
Q

What does mining for metal ores invole? What can this produce?

A

Digging up and processing large amounts of rocks. Large amounts of waste material and can effect large areas of the environment

46
Q

What does recycling materials do?

A

Saves energy needed to extract metal

47
Q

Why does recycling save recourses?

A

Because less ore needs to be minded & also less fossil grip is needed to provide the energy to extract metal from it’s ore

48
Q

What are some being it’s in using metal in construction?

A

Strong. Can be bent into shape. Can be made into flexible wires. Good electrical conductors

49
Q

Drawbacks of using metals in construction

A

Obtaining metals from ores can cause pollution an use up limited resources. Metals are more expensive then other materials such as concrete. Iron and steel can rust

Chemistry (7 decks)

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