Production of radiopharmaceuticals Flashcards
What is a radiopharmaceutical?
A radioactive compound used for the diagnosis and therapeutic treatment of human diseases.
What percentage of radiopharmaceuticals are used for diagnostic purposes?
Approximately 95%.
What is Technetium-99m primarily used for?
It is the most widely used radioisotope in diagnostic nuclear medicine.
When was Iodine-131 first introduced for medical use?
In 1946 for the treatment of thyroid cancer.
List some commonly used reactor-produced isotopes in medical applications.
- Molybdenum-99
- Iodine-131
- Phosphorus-32
- Chromium-51
- Strontium-89
- Samarium-153
- Rhenium-186
- Lutetium-177
What are the desirable properties of a radionuclide for imaging?
- Short physical half-life
- Decays to a stable daughter
- Emits gamma rays only
- Gamma ray energy of 50 - 300 KeV
- Ideally emits monoenergetic gamma rays
- Easily attached to pharmaceuticals
- Readily available
- High specific activity
What is passive diffusion in the context of radiopharmaceutical localization?
Movement of radiopharmaceuticals across membranes, such as 99mTc-DTPA in brain imaging.
What therapeutic uses do radionuclide therapies have?
Management of thyroid cancer, bone pain palliation, and treatment of various cancers.
What is radiosynoviorthesis?
A technique where a radiopharmaceutical is delivered into affected joints to relieve pain.
What are the advantages of indigenous production of radiopharmaceutical kits?
- Cost savings
- Elimination of shipment delays
- Compatibility issues addressed
- Prompt investigation of complaints
- Meaningful work program for staff
What is the role of a clean room in a hospital radiopharmacy?
To maintain a sterile environment for the preparation of radiopharmaceuticals.
Fill in the blank: Radiopharmaceuticals for PET include _______.
[18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose, 15O water, 13N-ammonia]
True or False: All radiopharmaceuticals have significant pharmacologic effects.
False.
What is the importance of quality control in the preparation of Tc-99m radiopharmaceuticals?
To ensure safety and efficacy due to the short half-life.
What is the use of 99mTc-MAA in medical imaging?
Lung scanning.
What is the purpose of using 131I in the treatment of hyperthyroidism?
To deliver targeted radiation to thyroid tissues.
What are some examples of non-technetium radiopharmaceuticals?
- Thallium-201
- Gallium-67 citrate
- 111Indium
What is the significance of the effective half-life in radiopharmaceuticals?
It should be similar to the duration of the examination to minimize patient dose.
What is the role of high specific activity in radiopharmaceuticals?
To enhance localization in target tissues.
What is the labeling process for sulfur colloid radiopharmaceuticals?
Add pertechnetate (Tc-99mO4) and heat.
What is the main focus of hospital radiopharmacy activities?
Preparation, quality control, dispensing, and distribution of Tc-99m radiopharmaceuticals.
What are the primary radionuclides used for bone pain palliation?
- Strontium-89
- Samarium-153
- Rhenium-186
What is the purpose of using radiolabeled peptides in cancer therapy?
As molecular vectors for peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT).
What is the role of capillary blockage in radiopharmaceutical localization?
Trapping of particles, such as 99mTc-MAA, in lung capillaries.
