Production of Blood Cells & Precursors Flashcards
Identify the nucleated cells
Both are neutrophilic bands
Identify the cell
Basophilic Rubricyte
Identify each nucleated cell
Left: Band
Right: Neutrophil
Identify each cell
A: Metamyelocyte
B: Band
C: Myelocyte
Identify the nucleated cell in the center
Metarubricyte
Identify the nucleated cell in the center
Rubricyte
Identify the cell and describe the key features that lead you to the identification
Metamyelocyte.
- Coarse, clumped chromatin
- Kidney bean shape nucleus
Identify the cell and describe the key features that lead you to the identification
Metarubricyte.
- Small
- Nucleus is pyknotic
- Cytoplasm is polychromatic or eosinophilic
Identify the cell and describe the key features that lead you to the identification
Myelocyte
- Coarse, clumped chromatin
- Granular (secondary granules)
- Round/oval shaped nucleus
Identify the cell and describe the key features that lead you to the identification
Myeloblast.
- Very fine, granular chromatin
- Nucleoli within nucleus
- Deep, basophilic cytoplasm
Identify each nucleated cell. (Left, Upper and Lower)
Left: Neutrophil
Upper: Metamyelocyte
Lower: Band
Identify the two nucleated cells and describe the difference between the two
Left: Neutrophil
Right: Band
- Neutrophil nucleus is pinched and is thinner
- Neutrophil chromatin is more condensed and basophilic
- Neutrophil is a bit smaller in size (more mature)
Identify the nucleated cell
Polychromatic rubricyte
Identify the cell on top
Promyelocyte
Identify the two cells
Prorubricytes
Identify the WBC at the top right of the image
Metamyelocyte
Identify each WBC
3 neutrophils, upper cell is a Monocyte
Identify and describe the key features that lead to its identification
Rubriblast.
- large, round nucleus
- delicate, stippled chromatin
- thin rim of cytoplasm
- very royal blue cytoplasm
- Perinuclear clear zone
Identify the nucleated cells and describe the key features that lead to its identification
Rubricytes.
- Checkerboard chromatin
- Round nucleus
Define hematopoiesis
the production of all types of blood cells
What is the term for production of Granulocytes? (neutrophils, basophils and eosinophils)
Granulopoiesis
Define erythropoiesis
production of RBCs
What is the term for the production of platelets?
Thrombopoiesis
What is erythropoeitin?
Hormone produced by the kidney that stimulates the production of RBCs
Erythropoietin is released to produce RBCs. What other type of cell is produced this way as a “side effect”?
Thrombocytes
In a fetus, Hematopoiesis occurs in several different sites. What are these sites?
Red bone marrow, liver, spleen, thymus
In a healthy adult, where does Hematopoiesis occur?
Only in the red bone marrow
Define extramedullary hematopoiesis
when an animal has an increased need for blood cells, the spleen can start producing them again
Define splenomegaly
An enlarged spleen due to over-production of blood cells
What conditions (2) could cause an increased need for blood cells?
Anemia – need more RBCs
Pyometra – neutrophils are in the uterus and have vacated the bone marrow, creating a need for more neutropils in the bone marrow
Hematopoiesis begins with a _______ cell
Stem
What are two features that are unique to stem cells and no other cells?
- Can differentiate itself into different specialized cells or subcategories
- It can clone itself
When a stem cell specializes/categorizes itself, it loses the ability to _______
Replicate itself
During the process of a stem cell differentiating itself into a specialized cell, abnormalities in the process can develop into what condition?
leukemia
As a blood cell matures, the cell as well as the nucleus _____ in size (increase or decrease)
decrease
Why do immature cells stain more basophilic?
They have more RNA than mature cells which stains basophilic
As RBC’s mature they produce ______ which gives them the eosinophilic colour due to staining habits
Hemoglobin
When the neutrophil concentration in circulation increases, the concentration of ________ (WBC) in circulation increases as well, due to the fact that they share a common stem cell
Monocytes
On average, how many days does Hematopoiesis take?
6
If there is an increased demand for blood cells, the body can shorten the amount of time it takes to produce blood cells (6 days usually). What is the disadvantage here?
Accelerating Granulopoiesis process can result in toxic changes to cells
True or false: Toxic changes in cells can be due to toxicity
False. Toxic changes have nothing to do with toxicity. It directly relates to Accelerated Granulopoiesis.
List in order the stages of Granulocyte development starting with Stem cell. Where along this development does division stop?
- Stem cell
- Myeloblast
- Promyelocyte
- Myelocyte (division stops here)
- Metamyelocyte
- Band
- Mature Granulocyte
1 Myeloblast can produce up to _____ neutrophils
32
True or false: Myeloblasts are only in the bone marrow, so you won’t ever see them in circulation.
true
What are Azurophilic granules? Which type of cell are these found in?
Pink/Purple in colour and also referred to as Primary Granules. Only found in Promyelocytes
At which point in the Granulopoiesis process can you identify which type of Granulocyte the cell is going to be? (Whether its going to be a Neutrophi, Eosinophil or Basophil)
When it develops into a Myelocyte
______ are the only blood cell that can re-enter the bloodstream from tissues and continue to recirculate.
Lymphocytes
Because a Monocyte has a transit time of ______, most monocytes in circulation are of different maturity. This is why they are the least consistent of blood cells.
24 hours
Describe the differences between a rubricyte and a metarubricyte
- A metarubricyte nucleus is smaller and darker than a rubricyte’s
- Rubricyte is a fairly large cell compared to a metarubricyte
- Metarubricyte has more cytoplasm to nucleus ratio than a rubricyte does
- Rubricyte chromatin is light and dark as a distinct feature of a rubricyte while the metarubricyte chromatin is pyknotic
Up to ___% of RBC’s can be polychromatic in a normal DOG
1%
Up to ____% of RBC’s can be polychromatic in a normal CAT
0.5%
_______ are a species that NEVER have polychromatic RBC’s in circulation
horses
Hemoglobin is broken down into _____ and _____
Heme and Globin
True or false: Unconjugated bilirubin can leave the body through urine
False. Unconjugated bilirubin cannot leave the body. It must first be conjugated.
