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CLP 303 > Production of Blood Cells & Precursors > Flashcards

Production of Blood Cells & Precursors Flashcards

1
Q

Identify the nucleated cells

A

Both are neutrophilic bands

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2
Q

Identify the cell

A

Basophilic Rubricyte

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3
Q

Identify each nucleated cell

A

Left: Band

Right: Neutrophil

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4
Q

Identify each cell

A

A: Metamyelocyte

B: Band

C: Myelocyte

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5
Q

Identify the nucleated cell in the center

A

Metarubricyte

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6
Q

Identify the nucleated cell in the center

A

Rubricyte

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7
Q

Identify the cell and describe the key features that lead you to the identification

A

Metamyelocyte.

  • Coarse, clumped chromatin
  • Kidney bean shape nucleus
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8
Q

Identify the cell and describe the key features that lead you to the identification

A

Metarubricyte.

  • Small
  • Nucleus is pyknotic
  • Cytoplasm is polychromatic or eosinophilic
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9
Q

Identify the cell and describe the key features that lead you to the identification

A

Myelocyte

  • Coarse, clumped chromatin
  • Granular (secondary granules)
  • Round/oval shaped nucleus
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10
Q

Identify the cell and describe the key features that lead you to the identification

A

Myeloblast.

  • Very fine, granular chromatin
  • Nucleoli within nucleus
  • Deep, basophilic cytoplasm
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11
Q

Identify each nucleated cell. (Left, Upper and Lower)

A

Left: Neutrophil

Upper: Metamyelocyte

Lower: Band

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12
Q

Identify the two nucleated cells and describe the difference between the two

A

Left: Neutrophil

Right: Band

  • Neutrophil nucleus is pinched and is thinner
  • Neutrophil chromatin is more condensed and basophilic
  • Neutrophil is a bit smaller in size (more mature)
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13
Q

Identify the nucleated cell

A

Polychromatic rubricyte

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14
Q

Identify the cell on top

A

Promyelocyte

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15
Q

Identify the two cells

A

Prorubricytes

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16
Q

Identify the WBC at the top right of the image

A

Metamyelocyte

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17
Q

Identify each WBC

A

3 neutrophils, upper cell is a Monocyte

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18
Q

Identify and describe the key features that lead to its identification

A

Rubriblast.

  • large, round nucleus
  • delicate, stippled chromatin
  • thin rim of cytoplasm
  • very royal blue cytoplasm
  • Perinuclear clear zone
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19
Q

Identify the nucleated cells and describe the key features that lead to its identification

A

Rubricytes.

  • Checkerboard chromatin
  • Round nucleus
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20
Q

Define hematopoiesis

A

the production of all types of blood cells

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21
Q

What is the term for production of Granulocytes? (neutrophils, basophils and eosinophils)

A

Granulopoiesis

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22
Q

Define erythropoiesis

A

production of RBCs

23
Q

What is the term for the production of platelets?

A

Thrombopoiesis

24
Q

What is erythropoeitin?

A

Hormone produced by the kidney that stimulates the production of RBCs

25
Q

Erythropoietin is released to produce RBCs. What other type of cell is produced this way as a “side effect”?

A

Thrombocytes

26
Q

In a fetus, Hematopoiesis occurs in several different sites. What are these sites?

A

Red bone marrow, liver, spleen, thymus

27
Q

In a healthy adult, where does Hematopoiesis occur?

A

Only in the red bone marrow

28
Q

Define extramedullary hematopoiesis

A

when an animal has an increased need for blood cells, the spleen can start producing them again

29
Q

Define splenomegaly

A

An enlarged spleen due to over-production of blood cells

30
Q

What conditions (2) could cause an increased need for blood cells?

A

Anemia – need more RBCs

Pyometra – neutrophils are in the uterus and have vacated the bone marrow, creating a need for more neutropils in the bone marrow

31
Q

Hematopoiesis begins with a _______ cell

A

Stem

32
Q

What are two features that are unique to stem cells and no other cells?

A
  1. Can differentiate itself into different specialized cells or subcategories
  2. It can clone itself
33
Q

When a stem cell specializes/categorizes itself, it loses the ability to _______

A

Replicate itself

34
Q

During the process of a stem cell differentiating itself into a specialized cell, abnormalities in the process can develop into what condition?

A

leukemia

35
Q

As a blood cell matures, the cell as well as the nucleus _____ in size (increase or decrease)

A

decrease

36
Q

Why do immature cells stain more basophilic?

A

They have more RNA than mature cells which stains basophilic

37
Q

As RBC’s mature they produce ______ which gives them the eosinophilic colour due to staining habits

A

Hemoglobin

38
Q

When the neutrophil concentration in circulation increases, the concentration of ________ (WBC) in circulation increases as well, due to the fact that they share a common stem cell

A

Monocytes

39
Q

On average, how many days does Hematopoiesis take?

A

6

40
Q

If there is an increased demand for blood cells, the body can shorten the amount of time it takes to produce blood cells (6 days usually). What is the disadvantage here?

A

Accelerating Granulopoiesis process can result in toxic changes to cells

41
Q

True or false: Toxic changes in cells can be due to toxicity

A

False. Toxic changes have nothing to do with toxicity. It directly relates to Accelerated Granulopoiesis.

42
Q

List in order the stages of Granulocyte development starting with Stem cell. Where along this development does division stop?

A
  1. Stem cell
  2. Myeloblast
  3. Promyelocyte
  4. Myelocyte (division stops here)
  5. Metamyelocyte
  6. Band
  7. Mature Granulocyte
43
Q

1 Myeloblast can produce up to _____ neutrophils

A

32

44
Q

True or false: Myeloblasts are only in the bone marrow, so you won’t ever see them in circulation.

A

true

45
Q

What are Azurophilic granules? Which type of cell are these found in?

A

Pink/Purple in colour and also referred to as Primary Granules. Only found in Promyelocytes

46
Q

At which point in the Granulopoiesis process can you identify which type of Granulocyte the cell is going to be? (Whether its going to be a Neutrophi, Eosinophil or Basophil)

A

When it develops into a Myelocyte

47
Q

______ are the only blood cell that can re-enter the bloodstream from tissues and continue to recirculate.

A

Lymphocytes

48
Q

Because a Monocyte has a transit time of ______, most monocytes in circulation are of different maturity. This is why they are the least consistent of blood cells.

A

24 hours

49
Q

Describe the differences between a rubricyte and a metarubricyte

A
  • A metarubricyte nucleus is smaller and darker than a rubricyte’s
  • Rubricyte is a fairly large cell compared to a metarubricyte
  • Metarubricyte has more cytoplasm to nucleus ratio than a rubricyte does
  • Rubricyte chromatin is light and dark as a distinct feature of a rubricyte while the metarubricyte chromatin is pyknotic
50
Q

Up to ___% of RBC’s can be polychromatic in a normal DOG

A

1%

51
Q

Up to ____% of RBC’s can be polychromatic in a normal CAT

A

0.5%

52
Q

_______ are a species that NEVER have polychromatic RBC’s in circulation

A

horses

53
Q

Hemoglobin is broken down into _____ and _____

A

Heme and Globin

54
Q

True or false: Unconjugated bilirubin can leave the body through urine

A

False. Unconjugated bilirubin cannot leave the body. It must first be conjugated.

CLP 303 (6 decks)

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