production and manufacturing Flashcards
refers to the methodical process used to convert raw materials into finished goods
production system
What are the five key elements involved in a production system?
Resources flowing within a defined system
Combined and transformed inputs
Controlled manner
Add value
Accordance to the policies communicated by management
What is the primary purpose of a production system?
to add value to materials, whether in terms of utility, functionality, or aesthetics
What are the two main categories of production systems based on product variety and volume?
Continuous production process and intermittent production process
process that involves producing high volumes of standardized products using automated, special-purpose equipment
continuous production process
refers to a type of continuous production where products are standardized, and special-purpose machines are used to achieve high output rates
mass production system
A production method where standard modules are assembled based on specific customer orders
assemble-to-order production process
involve products moving continuously through a linear process, with minimal or no breaks between steps
continuous flow (flow shop) operations
involves producing the same product following the same path with minimal variation
repetitive manufacturing
What are the characteristics of continuous mass production?
characterized by standardization, high production rates, low process inventory, and reduced cycle times
is when the production process is not continuous, with products being made in small, custom batches
intermitted production
machines in job shop production are used to cater to the diverse production needs of custom products
general-purpose machines
the product remains in a fixed location, and resources come to it, such as in ship or bridge construction
project-type production?
application of physical and/or chemical processes to alter the form, properties, or appearance of a material to create parts or products
manufacturing
refers to using an instrumentation system to perform tasks or sequences of operations without human intervention
automation
involves production activities that are done automatically, without direct human input
automated process
include the factory, production machines, tooling, material handling equipment, inspection equipment, and control systems
facilities
consists of a human worker operating powered equipment, such as a machine tool
worker-machine system
system performs tasks without human intervention for an extended period
fully automated system
Enumerate the types of production processes.
Continuous production process
Intermitted production process (batch production, job shop production, project production)
Enumerate the types of continuous manufacturing systems.
Continuous flow (flow shop)
Continuous mass production
List the benefits of mass production.
Higher production rates
Reduced cycle time
Higher capacity utilization
Lower manufacturing cost per unit
Less skilled operators required
Enumerate the characteristics of job shop production.
Use of general-purpose machines
Skilled operators
Large inventory of materials and tools
High variety of products
Custom production
List three examples of intermitted manufacturing.
Batch manufacturing
Job shop production
Project-type production
Enumerate the categories of automated manufacturing systems.
Fixed automation
Programmable automation
Flexible automation
List the three phases of an automation migration strategy.
Manual production
Automated production
Automated integrated production
Enumerate the advantages of an automation migration strategy.
Quick product introduction
Gradual automation introduction
Avoidance of high initial automation investment
List the four functions involved in manufacturing support systems
Business functions
Product design
Manufacturing planning
Manufacturing control
