Production And Identity Flashcards
How can work be a source of identity?
- How money is earned
- How much is earned
- Working conditions
- Working hours
- Amount of pension
Who said that people’s jobs impact their leisure activities?
Parker
What are the 3 patterns of work and leisure that Parker talks about?
- Opposition
- Neutrality
- Extension
What is the nature of work in the opposition work leisure pattern?
Physically taxing and dangerous, male dominated, hostile
What are the typical occupations in the opposition work leisure pattern?
- Mining
- Deep sea fishermen
- Steel workers
What is the nature of leisure in the opposition work leisure pattern?
- Opposite to work
- Leisure is central to life
- Used to escape work
What is the nature of work in the neutrality work leisure pattern?
- Boring, routine job
- Little satisfaction
- Indifference to work
What are typical jobs in the neutrality work leisure pattern?
- Routine clerical workers
- Assembly line workers
What is the nature of leisure in the neutrality work leisure pattern?
- Nothing to do with work
- Relaxing at home/ going out with family
What is the nature of work in the extension work leisure pattern?
Work involves high levels of personal commitment and job satisfaction
What are typical occupations in the extension work leisure pattern?
- Professionals and managers
- Doctors
- Teachers
- Social workers
- Business executives
What is the nature of leisure in the extension work leisure pattern?
- Leisure is work related
- Blurring distinction between work and leisure
- Work runs over to leisure time
- e.g. Managers playing golf with clients, teachers planning lessons
Which societal structure do Clarke and Critcher say shapes leisure activities?
Capitalism
What do Clarke and Critcher say about leisure activities?
- Shaped by capitalism
- State encourages people to engage in leisure that doesn’t threaten the order of society
- Most leisure is run by private businesses so continues consumerism
- People’s choices are limited by options available
How can lack of work cause anomie?
Lack of social status causes a sense of insecurity and feeling excluded from society
What do Rich and Loretto say about lack of employment?
- Loss of job causes disruption in personal lives
- Loss of work based friends can knock confidence
- Older unemployed people try to maintain working identity e.g. waking up early and having structure
- Avoid being labelled as benefit scroungers
How can class impact leisure time?
- Bourdieu
- Social class is shaped by occupation
- Upper class engages in high culture and working class engage in mass culture
Why would some say that work is no longer significant in identity?
- Postmodernists
- Society is based on consumption not production
- Bauman- work is no longer central to identity
What is the end of work thesis?
- Consumerism is more significant as a source of identity
- Jobs are less skilled so lead to less satisfaction
- Jobs no longer last for life, change and choice
- Work hours are flexible and short term
- Jobs are less secure
- People are no longer attached to their work
Work statistics:
- In 2014, 60% of the population over the age of 16 were in work, 27% was part time
Why was Parker criticised when talking about work as a source of identity?
- Ignored the influence of other factors in shaping identity
- e.g. ethnicity, gender, age
What did McIntosh and Deem say about Parker’s research into work as a source of identity?
- Parker doesn’t take gender into account
- His research focuses on men in full time employment
- Women mainly work part time
- Women’s leisure time is influenced by domestic labour and men
What does Robert’s say about work as a source of identity?
- Pluralist view
- Leisure is a matter of choice
- A single social division like class cannot dominate a person’s identity
- Little connection between work and leisure
What does Doherty say about work as a source of identity?
- Work is not insecure, long term employment is increasing
- Part time work is not insecure, is important in balancing work and family
- Evidence of upskilling, workers given more training
- Workers in his study expressed high work satisfaction
- Work matters
