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Sociology A Level- Culture And Identity AQA > Production And Identity > Flashcards

Production And Identity Flashcards

1
Q

How can work be a source of identity?

A
  • How money is earned
  • How much is earned
  • Working conditions
  • Working hours
  • Amount of pension
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2
Q

Who said that people’s jobs impact their leisure activities?

A

Parker

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3
Q

What are the 3 patterns of work and leisure that Parker talks about?

A
  • Opposition
  • Neutrality
  • Extension
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4
Q

What is the nature of work in the opposition work leisure pattern?

A

Physically taxing and dangerous, male dominated, hostile

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5
Q

What are the typical occupations in the opposition work leisure pattern?

A
  • Mining
  • Deep sea fishermen
  • Steel workers
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6
Q

What is the nature of leisure in the opposition work leisure pattern?

A
  • Opposite to work
  • Leisure is central to life
  • Used to escape work
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7
Q

What is the nature of work in the neutrality work leisure pattern?

A
  • Boring, routine job
  • Little satisfaction
  • Indifference to work
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8
Q

What are typical jobs in the neutrality work leisure pattern?

A
  • Routine clerical workers
  • Assembly line workers
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9
Q

What is the nature of leisure in the neutrality work leisure pattern?

A
  • Nothing to do with work
  • Relaxing at home/ going out with family
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10
Q

What is the nature of work in the extension work leisure pattern?

A

Work involves high levels of personal commitment and job satisfaction

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11
Q

What are typical occupations in the extension work leisure pattern?

A
  • Professionals and managers
  • Doctors
  • Teachers
  • Social workers
  • Business executives
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12
Q

What is the nature of leisure in the extension work leisure pattern?

A
  • Leisure is work related
  • Blurring distinction between work and leisure
  • Work runs over to leisure time
  • e.g. Managers playing golf with clients, teachers planning lessons
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13
Q

Which societal structure do Clarke and Critcher say shapes leisure activities?

A

Capitalism

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14
Q

What do Clarke and Critcher say about leisure activities?

A
  • Shaped by capitalism
  • State encourages people to engage in leisure that doesn’t threaten the order of society
  • Most leisure is run by private businesses so continues consumerism
  • People’s choices are limited by options available
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15
Q

How can lack of work cause anomie?

A

Lack of social status causes a sense of insecurity and feeling excluded from society

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16
Q

What do Rich and Loretto say about lack of employment?

A
  • Loss of job causes disruption in personal lives
  • Loss of work based friends can knock confidence
  • Older unemployed people try to maintain working identity e.g. waking up early and having structure
  • Avoid being labelled as benefit scroungers
17
Q

How can class impact leisure time?

A
  • Bourdieu
  • Social class is shaped by occupation
  • Upper class engages in high culture and working class engage in mass culture
18
Q

Why would some say that work is no longer significant in identity?

A
  • Postmodernists
  • Society is based on consumption not production
  • Bauman- work is no longer central to identity
19
Q

What is the end of work thesis?

A
  • Consumerism is more significant as a source of identity
  • Jobs are less skilled so lead to less satisfaction
  • Jobs no longer last for life, change and choice
  • Work hours are flexible and short term
  • Jobs are less secure
  • People are no longer attached to their work
20
Q

Work statistics:

A
  • In 2014, 60% of the population over the age of 16 were in work, 27% was part time
21
Q

Why was Parker criticised when talking about work as a source of identity?

A
  • Ignored the influence of other factors in shaping identity
  • e.g. ethnicity, gender, age
22
Q

What did McIntosh and Deem say about Parker’s research into work as a source of identity?

A
  • Parker doesn’t take gender into account
  • His research focuses on men in full time employment
  • Women mainly work part time
  • Women’s leisure time is influenced by domestic labour and men
23
Q

What does Robert’s say about work as a source of identity?

A
  • Pluralist view
  • Leisure is a matter of choice
  • A single social division like class cannot dominate a person’s identity
  • Little connection between work and leisure
24
Q

What does Doherty say about work as a source of identity?

A
  • Work is not insecure, long term employment is increasing
  • Part time work is not insecure, is important in balancing work and family
  • Evidence of upskilling, workers given more training
  • Workers in his study expressed high work satisfaction
  • Work matters

Sociology A Level- Culture And Identity AQA (13 decks)

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