Gender And Identity Flashcards
What is gender?
The social differences betweeen males and females, based on social factors such as values perceptions, beliefs and attitudes
What is sex?
Physical biological differences between males and females
What is canalisation?
When parents give their children gender specific items such as toys that are considered to be masculine or feminine, reinforcing gender roles from a young age
What is manipulation?
Parents actively encouraging their children to behave and act in a way that is considered appropriate for their gender
What are verbal appellations?
Boys and girls being exposed to different language for different things e.g. brave boy or sweet girl
What is differential activity exposure?
Boys and girls are encouraged to do different activities depending on what their parents carry out, e.g. girls help mom with housework, boys do outdoor jobs to help dad
How is the school instrumental in shaping gender identity?
- How children learn gender in relation to class, history etc.
- Children tend to pick up teacher’s views, so if a teacher holds strong beliefs about gender rolls so will the child
- Socialisation
How does the family teach gender roles?
- Primary socialisation
- Family sorts children into roles to suit their gender
- Usually accept boisterous behaviour from boys, but not girls
- Girls taught to be good and quiet but boys aren’t
How do peer groups reinforce gender identity?
- Children become alike to those they spend time with
- Heteronormative peer groups more likely to be gendered
- Girls play with girls and boys play with boys
- Socialise each other
- Girls that play with other girls are more likely yo engage in typical girl behaviour
How does the media reinforce gender identity?
- Young people influenced by celebrities
- Celebrities coming out makes younger children question their identity
- People can identify however they want on social media
- Gendered adverts- particularly to children and toys
How does the ladette suggest the gender divide is slowly disappearing?
- Counterpart to the lad
- Masculine
- Swearing, drinking, indulging sexual appetites
- Compete on equal terms with lads
- Emergence of violent female gangs
- WHO said British girls are amongst the most violent in the world
What is a gender quake?
A radical change in attitudes towards feminine identity amongst recent generations
Who spoke about the gender quake?
Wilkinson
What is the feminisation of the economy?
- Growing success of women in the labour market
- Women no longer need a man to achieve status in society
- Strong, independent women overtaking the idea of women as mothers and housewives
How can fashion suggest that the gender divide is dissolving?
- Abbot- shifts in fashion styles of young men
- More interest in their clothes and hair
- Express themselves more through their hair and appearance
- Aftershave, hair gel, makeup
