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Business > Production > Flashcards

Production Flashcards

1
Q

What is job production and what does it involve?

A

Producing a one off item for a one off customer, it is very labour intensive and requires skilled workers

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2
Q

What is batch production and what does it involve?

A

Producing a set number of identical items, these batches can easily be switched to use the same production line for different batches

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3
Q

What is flow production and what does it involve?

A

A continuous production of identical items using an automated production line

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4
Q

What are the benefits of job production?

A

-High quality products
-Meeting customer needs and wants
-Highly motivated workers

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5
Q

What are the negatives of job production?

A

-High production costs
-Longer production time
-High labour costs

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6
Q

What are the benefits of batch production?

A

-Lower wages to pay workers
-Allows flexible production
-Employees specialise and become good at their jobs

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7
Q

What are the negatives of batch production?

A

-Expensive to make many small batches
-Lower motivated staff as work is repetitive

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8
Q

What are the benefits of flow production?

A

-Allows economies of scale = low unit costs
-Saves money with an automated production line
-Efficient way to produce

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9
Q

What are the negatives of flow production?

A

-High initial set up costs
-Repetitive and boring jobs for employees

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10
Q

What is cell production?

A

When the production of items is organised into groups and then teams are set at workstations to see a product through to completion

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11
Q

What are the benefits of cell production?

A

-Reduces waste by removing waste products
-Increased production

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12
Q

What are the negatives of cell production?

A

-High machinery costs
-Long set up due to training and getting machinery

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13
Q

What is production?

A

The action of making or manufacturing items from raw materials

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14
Q

What is lean production?

A

An approach to management that focuses on cutting out waste, whilst ensuring quality

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15
Q

What is the calculation for capital productivity?

A

Output / Number of machines x100

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16
Q

What is the calculation for labour productivity?

A

Output / Number of workers

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17
Q

What is productivity?

A

Measuring the efficiency of a person, machine or factory over a given time

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18
Q

What are the factors influencing production?

A

-Quality of inputs = faulty parts of an assembly line can stop it
-Labour shift = organisation of workers, you must have enough during peak times
-New technology = invest in new technology e.g robots can work 24/7

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19
Q

Why does productivity make businesses competitive?

A

Can charge more if they are producing economically efficient goods due to economies of scale

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20
Q

What are the benefits of efficient production?

A

-More products produced
-Competitive advantage + lower prices
-Make become market leader and have higher prices

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21
Q

What are the negatives of efficient production?

A

-Reduced quality because items are produced too fast

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22
Q

What is capacity utilisation?

A

The current output as a % of maximum output, it is what output is currently being used

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23
Q

What is under utilisation?

A

The current output is less than the maximum output

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24
Q

What is over utilisation?

A

The current output is more than maximum output

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25
Q

What is the calculation for capacity utilisation?

A

Actual output / Maximum possible output x100

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26
Q

Why is capacity utilisation used?

A

-Used as a measure of efficiency
-Average production costs fall as output rises so higher utilisation can reduce unit costs

27
Q

What are the benefits of a business working at 100% capacity?

A

-Reduces average costs per unit which makes more profit

28
Q

What are the negatives of a business working at 100% capacity?

A

-May not be able to meet all orders
-Overcrowded factory space
-May lead to machine breakdowns if checks are not being maintained

29
Q

Why might a business need to work below 100% capacity?

A

-Lower demand
-Lower demand in the market
-Loss of market share
-Seasonality

30
Q

How can a business improve capacity utilisation?

A

-Business could make staff redundant
-Sell assets
-Move to smaller premises

31
Q

What happens if a business has under utilisation?

A

-Higher fixed costs per unit
-Unmotivated staff as they aren’t busy
-Impacts the brand image

32
Q

What happens if a business has over utilisation?

A

-Staff may be too tired from overtime and cause accidents
-Mistakes may happen which affects quality
-No time to maintain machinery or train staff

33
Q

What is stock control?

A

The control of the flow of stock in a business

34
Q

What is involved in stock control?

A

-Raw materials = products needed to make the goods
-Work in progress = products being worked on in the factory
-Finished goods = products in the warehouse ready to sell to customers

35
Q

Why do businesses keep stock?

A

-In case of an increase in demand
-In case suppliers are late
-So they never run out

36
Q

What is buffer stock?

A

Stock held in case there is an unforeseen demand

37
Q

What is led time?

A

The time it takes from ordering the product to delivery to customer

38
Q

What are the consequences of poor stock control?

A

-Expensive to hold a lot of stock e.g storage area and staff to monitor the stock
-Leads to a poor cash flow as too much cash is tied up in stocks and there is no money to purchase raw materials

39
Q

What is Just In Time? (JIT)

A

A system of delivering parts to the assembly line in a continuous flow when they are needed which helps negate issues involved in holding stock

40
Q

What are the advantages of JIT?

A

-No wastage
-Saves costs as there is no storage room or staff to monitor needed
-Less cash tied up in stock

41
Q

What are the disadvantages of JIT?

A

-No stock in case of emergencies
-Cannot benefit from economies of scale
-If stock deliveries are late it stops production

42
Q

How does JIT impact suppliers?

A

-Must deliver more at once
-More specific
-Must be reliable and trustworthy

43
Q

How does JIT impact employees?

A

-Stress/demotivated if stock is late
-Limits their workload
-May require training to use the system

44
Q

What are the benefits of lean production?

A

Uses less time, labour, capital, raw materials and space within the factory

45
Q

What did W. Edwards say?

A

‘Quality is defined by the customer’
which means customers may insist on certain specifications or demands

46
Q

What are the benefits of good quality?

A

-Good reputation
-Reputable products
-Less returned products

47
Q

What are the negatives of good quality?

A

-Costs more to produce
-The process of ensuring quality is expensive

48
Q

What is quality control?

A

It is based on inspection and it involves an inspector checking that the output meets standard at the end of production
-May not check every product

49
Q

What are the benefits of quality control?

A

-Guarantees that no defective item leaves the factory
-Requires little staff training so suits businesses with unskilled workers

50
Q

What are the negatives of quality control?

A

-Cannot be 100% effective if not every product is tested
-Employees may make mistakes if they know it will be checked at the end anyways

51
Q

What is quality assurance?

A

Inspecting quality while it is still being produced

52
Q

What are the benefits of quality of assurance?

A

-Issues are found early which means products can be fixed rather than rejected
-The cause of the defects is the focus so it allows employees to learn what not to do

53
Q

What are the negatives of quality assurance?

A

-Requires staff training and a skilled workforce which increases costs
-Lengthens the production process if items need to be reworked on

54
Q

What are quality circles?

A

Where groups of workers meet regularly to solve quality problems in the production process

55
Q

What are the benefits of quality circles?

A

-Workers may be motivated as they are involved in decision making
-Relevant and focuses on likely problems

56
Q

What are the negatives of quality circles?

A

-Managers must trust employees views and solutions
-Meetings must be set up regularly

57
Q

What is total quality management?

A

An organisation of a business with quality at its core and with every worker responsible for quality

58
Q

What are the benefits of quality management?

A

-Improves efficiency as it looks at quality in all parts of the business
-There is a culture of constant improvement within the business

59
Q

What are the negatives of quality management?

A

-All workers must be committed and receive continued training
-Careful monitoring and control is required

60
Q

What are the benefits of buffer stock?

A

-Generates economies of scale
-Avoids running out of stock

61
Q

What are the negatives of buffer stock?

A

-Costly to store
-Takes up room

62
Q

What factors influence productivity?

A

-Work environment
-Employee attitude

63
Q

What factors influence efficiency?

A

-Supplier quality
-Employee motivation

Business (12 decks)

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