Product Knowledge & Chemistry

Question 1

Toners

Answer 1

They remove residue left behind, restore the skin’s natural pH, temporarily tightens the skin and follicle openings, helps with certain skin conditions.

Toners, fresheners, tonics, and astringents are all pretty much the same.

Question 2

Astringents

Answer 2

highest alcohol content, and used on more oily and acne prone skin.

Question 3

Fresheners

Answer 3

or skin freshening lotions; have the lowest alcohol content and are beneficial for dry and mature skin.

Question 4

Exfoliants

Answer 4

removes dead epidermal cells, follicles are cleaner, makes extractions easier, blood flow is stimulated, makeup application is smoother, etc etc.

Question 5

Mask

Answer 5

tightens and tones the skin, draws impurities out of the pores, clears up blemishes, hydrates, nourishes, calms and soothes, rejuvenate the skin, brightens the complexion.

2 types of masks: non-setting and setting.

Question 6

Non-setting mask

Answer 6

Stays moist the whole time and is hydrating. Cream or gel masks. More nourishing than cleansing.

Question 7

Setting mask

Answer 7

hardens and dries, creating a harder barrier on the skin.

Ex: clay, seaweed, paraffin wax masks.

Question 8

Sunscreen

Answer 8

protects from UV radiation. Sun exposure can lead to skin cancer, aging, hyperpigmentation, capillary damage, free radical damage, and collagen and elastin deterioration.

Full spectrum sunscreens protect from both UVA and UVB exposure. Physical sunscreen has zinc oxide and titanium dioxide.

SPF refers to the sun protection factor in sunscreens that delays sun induced erythema.

Question 9

Aromatherapy

Answer 9

therapeutic use of plant aromas and essential oils for beauty and health treatment purposes; involves the use of highly concentrated, non oily, and volatile essential oils to induce such reactions as relaxation and invigoration, or to simply create a pleasant fragrance during a service.

Question 10

pH

Answer 10

potential hydrogen; a measure of the acidity and alkalinity of a substance. If something doesn’t have hydrogen, it won’t have a pH.

Question 11

pH scale

Answer 11

the pH scale has a range of 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral. Below 7 is acidic, above 7 is alkaline.

0-7: acidic
7: neutral
7-14: alkaline

Question 12

Cosmetics

Answer 12

defined by the FDA as: articles that are intended to be rubbed, poured, sprinkled, or otherwise applied to the human body or any part thereof for cleansing, beautifying, promoting, attractiveness, or altering the appearance.

Question 13

Functional ingredients

Answer 13

make up the majority of the product; they allow products to spread, give them body and texture, and give them a specific form such as a lotion, cream, or gel. They don’t affect the skin but they are necessary to the function of the product.

Question 14

Performance ingredients

Answer 14

cause the actual changes in the appearance of the skin. Also referred to as a active ingredients.

Question 15

Water

Answer 15

the most frequently used cosmetic ingredient, it is both a vehicle (functional) and a performance ingredient.