Microbiology

Question 1

Virus

Answer 1

a parasitic submicroscopic particle that infects and resides in cells of biological organisms. A virus is capable of replication only through taking over the host cell’s reproductive function. They can only live IF they take over other cells and become part of them. Not affected by antibiotics.

Question 2

Types of viruses

Answer 2

measles, mumps, chicken pox, smallpox, rabies, yellow fever, hepatitis, polio, influenza, and HIV, which causes AIDS.

Question 3

Bacteria

Answer 3

One celled microorganisms having both plant and animal characteristics. Some are harmful and some are harmless. Thousands of different kinds of bacteria that fall into two categories; nonpathogenic and pathogenic. Bacteria can live and reproduce on their own. Can be treated with an antibiotic.

Question 4

Nonpathogenic bacteria

Answer 4

most bacteria are nonpathogenic. They are harmless organisms that may perform useful functions. They are safe to come into contact with.

Question 5

Pathogenic bacteria

Answer 5

harmful to microorganisms that can cause disease or infection in humans when they invade the body.

Question 6

3 bacteria shapes

Answer 6

Cocci, bacilli, and spirilla.

Question 7

Cocci

Answer 7

round shaped bacteria that appear singly (alone).

Question 8

Staphylococci

Answer 8

pus forming bacteria that grow in clusters like bunches of grapes. They cause abscesses, pustules, and boils.

Question 9

Streptococci

Answer 9

pus forming bacteria arranged in curved lines resembling a string of beads. They cause infections such as strep throat and blood poisoning.

Question 10

Diplococci

Answer 10

spherical bacteria that grow in pairs and cause diseases such as pneumonia.

Question 11

Bacilli

Answer 11

short rod shaped bacteria. They are the most common bacteria and produce diseases such as tetanus (lockjaw), typhoid fever, tuberculosis, and diphtheria.

Question 12

Spirilla

Answer 12

spiral or corkscrew shaped bacteria. Syphilis, an STD, and Lyme disease.

Question 13

Cleaning

Answer 13

mechanical process using soap and water to remove all visible dirt, debris, and disease causing germs from tools, implements and equipment.

Question 14

Disinfection

Answer 14

destroys most, but not necessarily all, harmful organisms on environmental surfaces. Not effective against bacterial spores. Disinfectants used in salons, spas and medical facilities must be bactericidal, virucidal, and fungicidal.

Question 15

Bactericidal

Answer 15

capable of destroying bacterial

Question 16

Virucidal

Answer 16

capable of destroying viruses

Question 17

Fungicidal

Answer 17

capable of destroying fungi

Question 18

Parasites

Answer 18

organisms that grow, feed, and shelter on or in another organism (host), while contributing nothing to the survival of that organism. Parasites must have a host to survive.

Question 19

Direct transmission

Answer 19

transmission of blood or body fluids through touching, shaking hands, kissing, coughing, sneezing, and talking.

Question 20

Indirect transmission

Answer 20

transmission of blood or body fluids through contact with an intermediate contaminated object such as a razor, extractor, nipper, or an environmental surface.

Question 21

MRSA

Answer 21

methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus; initially appears as a skin infection such as pustules, rashes and boils that can be difficult to cure. Can show in people with weakened immune systems.

Question 22

Contagious disease

Answer 22

or communicable disease; when a diseases spreads from one person to another person.

Question 23

Hepatitis

Answer 23

blood borne virus that causes disease and can damage the liver. 3 types; A, B, and C.

Question 24

HIV

Answer 24

human immunodeficiency virus; causes AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome). AIDS is a disease that breaks down the body’s immune system. HIV is spread from person to person through blood, and less often, through other body fluids such as semen or vaginal secretions.

Question 25

Fungi

Answer 25

microscopic plant parasites that include molds, mildews, and yeasts. The most basic cause of fungal infections are dermatophytes, the fungi that cause skin, nail, and hair infections.

Question 26

Immunity

Answer 26

the ability of the body to destroy and resist infection.

Question 27

Natural immunity

Answer 27

partly inherited and partly developed through healthy living

Question 28

Acquired immunity

Answer 28

the body develops after overcoming a disease, through inoculation or through exposure to natural allergens such as pollen, cat dander, and ragweed.

Question 29

Decontamination

Answer 29

the removal of blood or other potentially infectious materials on an item’s surface and the removal of visible debris or residue such as dust, hair, and skin. Two types of decontamination.

Question 30

Decontamination 1

Answer 30

cleaning and then disinfecting with an appropriate EPA registered disinfectant.

Question 31

Decontamination 2

Answer 31

cleaning and then sterilizing.

Question 32

Sterilization

Answer 32

process that completely destroys all microbial life, including spores.

Question 33

Bioburden

Answer 33

the number of viable organisms in or on an object or surface or the organic material on the surface of an object before decontamination or sterilization.

Question 34

QUATS

Answer 34

quaternary ammonium compounds; disinfectants that are very effective when used properly in the salon or spa.

Question 35

Phenolic disinfectants

Answer 35

tuberculocidal disinfectants; they are a form of formaldehyde, have a very high pH, and can damage the skin and eyes.

Question 36

Household bleach/ sodium hypochlorite

Answer 36

5.25%, is an effective disinfectant.

Question 37

Aseptic procedures

Answer 37

the process of properly handling sterilized and disinfected equipment and supplies to reduce contamination.

Question 38

Sanitizers

Answer 38

are not cleaners!!! they don’t disinfect. They must be cleaned first and then disinfected after every use.

Question 39

Antiseptics

Answer 39

germicides formulated for use on skin and registered and regulated by the FDA. They can contain alcohol or benzalkonium chloride, which is less drying to the skin than alcohol.

Question 40

First degree burn

Answer 40

minor burn affecting the upper layers of the skin, primarily the epidermis, with some redness and irritation, but no blisters or open skin.

Question 41

Second degree burn

Answer 41

affects the top two layers of the skin, the epidermis, and the dermis. More painful than the first degree burn and will show redness and blisters.

Question 42

Third degree burn

Answer 42

affects all layers of the skin and will blister, swell, and scar. Can affect nerve damage.

Question 43

Fourth degree burn

Answer 43

these burns have injured the muscle, ligaments, tendons, nerves, blood vessels, and bones. Requires medical attention!