Processing

Question 1

Dental Film Components

Answer 1

Base, Adhesive, Emulsion, Protective layer

Question 2

Halide Crystals

Answer 2

[silver bromide or iodide] chemical compound, sensitive to light/radiation, produces latent image

Question 3

Film Speed

Answer 3

[A-F] affected by size of halide, thickness of emulsion, presence of dyes; (F)AST = less radiation, less sharp image

Question 4

Extraoral Film

Answer 4

held in cassettes - Rare Earth [green, faster] vs Calcium Tungstate [blue]

Question 5

Developer

Answer 5

[reduction process] separates silver from halides, black metallic silver left behind > creates dark/black areas. Chemicals: Hydroquinone (black, temp sensitive) or Elon (gray) - used in combination

Question 6

Fixer

Answer 6

hardens emulsion, removes unexposed silver > creates clear/white areas

Question 7

Manual Processing

Answer 7

Developer, Rinse, Fixer, Wash, Dry

Question 8

Automatic Processing

Answer 8

Developer, Fixer, Wash, Dry

Question 9

Fixer Solution/Chemicals

Answer 9

Fixing agent, Acidifier, Hardener, Preservative

Question 10

Developer Solution/Chemicals

Answer 10

Accelerator [sodium carbonate] activates/softens/alkaline, Restrainer [Potassium bromide] prevents fogging, Preservative [sodium sulfate] prevents oxidizing in air

Question 11

Film Too Light

Answer 11

[underdeveloped] inadequate time or low developer temp.

Question 12

Film Too Dark

Answer 12

[overdeveloped] excess time or high developer temp.

Question 13

Reticulation of Emulsion

Answer 13

[cracked] sudden temp change between dev. and water. *manual

Question 14

Developer Spots

Answer 14

[dark/black] developer comes into contact w film b4 processing *manual *clean

Question 15

Fixer Spots

Answer 15

[white/light] fixer comes into contact w film b4 processing *manual only *clean

Question 16

Yellow-Brown Spots

Answer 16

exhausted fixer/developer, insufficient fixing time or rinsing (20min) *manual

Question 17

Developer Cutoff

Answer 17

[white border] not completely immersed in developer solution *manual

Question 18

Fixer Cutoff

Answer 18

[black border] low fixer lever or not completely immersed in fixer *manual *add replenisher

Question 19

Overlap Film

Answer 19

developer = white areas / fixer = dark areas *manual or automatic *keep films separated

Question 20

Air Bubbles

Answer 20

[white spots] trapped air *manual *agitate film

Question 21

Fingernail Artifact

Answer 21

[black crescent] rough handling *manual or auto *handle edges only

Question 22

Fingerprint Artifact

Answer 22

{black fingerprint] fluoride or developer on fingers *manual *wash/dry hands, handle edges only

Question 23

Static Electricity

Answer 23

[black, thin branches] film packet opened quickly or with without touching conductive surface *manual or auto

Question 24

Scratched Film

Answer 24

[white lines] sharp object removed the soft emulsion *manual *use care

Question 25

Light Leak

Answer 25

[black area] exposure to white light or defective film packet *manual or auto

Question 26

Fogged Film

Answer 26

[gray/lacks detail] improper safelighting/storage, outdated film, contaminated solutions, high developer temp *manual or auto

Question 27

Reversed/Backward Placement

Answer 27

[light image w herringbone pattern] film placed backward in mouth then exposed

Question 28

Double Image

Answer 28

receptor exposed twice in pt’s mouth

Question 29

Bending

Answer 29

[image stretched] curvature of hard palate *check receptor placement before exposure

Question 30

Creasing

Answer 30

[radiolucent line] improper handing