Processes in the Rock Cycle

Question 1

Compaction + Cementation

Answer 1

In geology, compaction refers to the process where sediment grains are squeezed together under pressure from overlying layers, reducing pore space. Cementation then occurs when dissolved minerals come out of water and bind the compacted grains together, forming a solid rock.

Question 2

Weathering + Erosion

Answer 2

In geology, weathering is the breakdown of rocks and minerals at the Earth’s surface, while erosion is the process of transporting those broken-down materials by agents like wind, water, or ice.

Question 3

Deposition

Answer 3

In geology, deposition refers to the process where sediments, soil, and rocks are added to a landform or land mass through the action of wind, water, or ice, after they have been eroded and transported from another location.

Question 4

Melting + Cooling

Answer 4

Melting is the process where a substance transitions from a solid to a liquid state, after reaching or surpassing the objects melting point typically by applying heat, while cooling is the process where a substance transitions from a liquid or gas to a solid or liquid state, typically by removing heat.

Question 5

Crystallization

Answer 5

In geology, crystallization refers to the process by which atoms or molecules arrange themselves into a well-defined, repeating, and ordered structure, forming a crystal. This process is crucial in the formation of igneous rocks, sedimentary rocks, and minerals. Crystallization involves the solidification of a substance, where atoms or molecules spontaneously arrange themselves into a repeating, three-dimensional pattern, creating a crystal structure.