Process Safety Flashcards
Concepts in chemical process safety techniques, practices, heuristics, and parameters
Which of the following is not measure of effectiveness safety program?
HAZOP
HAZOP
HAZARD AND OPERABILITY STUDY
HAZAN
HAZARD ANALYSIS
OSHA
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HAZARD ADMINISTRATION
LOC
LIMITING OXYGEN CONCETRATION
BLEVE
BOILING-LIQUID EXPANDING-VAPOR EXPLOSION
MIE
MINIMUM IGNITION ENERGY
PHA
PROCESS HAZARD ANALYSIS
PPE
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
JSA
JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS
ED
EFFECTIVE DOSE
VCE
Vapor Cloud Explosion
DTE
Differential Thermal Analysis
CEI
Chemical Exposure Index
FEI
Fire and Explosion Index
HIRA
Hazard Identification and Risk Analysis
FTA
Fault Tree Analysis
QRA
Quantitative Risk Assessment
TRA
Transportation Risk Analysis
How toxicants enters into organism?
Ingestion
Injection
Inhalation
All of the above
All of the above
Lowest value on response vs dose curve is called…
Thresold Limit Value
Identification, Evaluation and Control are the phases of ____.
Industrial Hygiene
Fire is rapid ____ of ignited fuel
Exothermic oxidation
____ is a rapid increase in volume and release of energy in an extreme manner, usually with the generation of high temperatures and the release of gases
Explosion
____ is the lowest temperature that the vapours of a material will ignite when exposed to an ignition source
Fire point
An explosion occurring within a vessel or a building, known as
Confined Explosion
Which of the following Causes of overpressure…..:
Ambient heat
Valve failures
Both 1 & 2
None of above
Both 1 & 2
For material handling which is wrong statement………
Environmental risk assessments should not be available
Who is responsible for ensuring the workers are provided with safe working environment?
OSHA
Hazard evaluation consist of the elements….
Safety Review/Audit/Inspection
HAZAN
HAZOP
All of the above
All of the above
PHA stands for
Process Hazard Analysis
Which of the following is not guide word of HAZOP?
NAND
HAZAN study includes:
- Estimate how often an incident will occur.
- steps can be taken to either eliminate risks or reduce risk to an acceptable level.
- It is centered around the hazard analysis and functional based safety process
- All of the above
All of the above
Process of adding inert gas to combustible mixture to reduce concentration of oxygen below limiting oxygen concentration (LOC)
inerting
Vessels can be pressure-purged by adding inert gas ____.
Under atmospheric pressure
The ____________ process determines whether exposure to a chemical can increase the incidence of adverse health effect.
Hazard identification
Hazard is defined as the probability of
suffering harm or loss
____ occurs when a tank containing a liquid held above its atmospheric pressure boiling point ruptures, resulting in the explosive vaporization of a large fraction of the tank contents.
Boiling-Liquid Expanding-Vapor Explosion
For ____ the reaction front propagates at a speed less than the speed of sound
deflagration
Static electricity is generated when
mists or sprays pass through orifices
The MIE depends on the:
- specific chemical or mixture
- the concentration
- pressure and temperature
- all of above
all of above
An explosion resulting from the sudden failure of a vessel containing high-pressure nonreactive gas
Mechanical explosion
The essential elements for ____ are fuel, an oxidizer, and an ignition source
Fire triangle
What is toxicity equivalence factor?
Ratio of the toxicity of a chemical to that of another structurally related chemical (or index compound) chosen as a reference
OSHA ensures that employees have been provided with _________
PPE
ED stands for
Effective dose
Eco-toxicology is based on ______ of chemicals.
Toxicological
OSHA is part of the ___________ department of labour.
US
toxicants enter organism through:
Ingestion
Injection
Dermal absorption
all of above
all of above
During the ………………phase, the various types of existing control measures and their effectiveness are also studied.
Evaluation
The unit-specific technical requirements are designed to ……
Prevent the release of HW
What are the steps involved in evaluation of toxicity?
hazard identification and dose-response evaluation
___________ establishes the relationship between the contaminant/s of concern and the receptor
Toxicity assessment
Which of the following is not characteristics of hazardous waste?
Leakage
Results from long-term exposure to lower doses of a chemical is known as ________
Chronic toxicity
Which of the following chemical is
responsible for acute lung disease from Bhopal gas tragedy?
Methylisocyanate
Heavy metals like Arsenic, Cadmium and Cyanide effects _________
Nervous system
______ represents a contact between a chemical agent and an object.
Exposure
Under the OSH Act, employers are responsible for providing a
Safe workplace
OSHA was created to _________
To reduce hazards
How is sensitivity analysed in risk estimation?
By critical assumptions
An incident can be called hazardous only when?
Stressor has the potential to cause harm to humans and ecological systems
What is the main purpose of hazard identification?
To characterize adverse effect of toxins
Doses are expressed on a _________ basis.
Body-weight
Major application of dose-response curve is to obtain ______
Threshold
Which of the following valve is known as a safety valve?
Pressure relief valve
When did Seveso accident occur?
1976
A waste to be called toxic, acute oral LD50 concentration should be _______ mg/kg
2500
What is chronic toxicity?
Effects due to long term exposure
The gauge pressure during normal service, usually 10% below the MAWP known as
Operating pressure
Pressure relief systems are required for which of the following reasons:
- to protect personnel from the dangers of overpressurizing equipment
- to minimize chemical losses during pressure upsets
- both 1 & 2
- None
both 1 & 2
Why does site history have to be considered for hazard identification?
To know the probable source and causes of contamination on site
Hazard identification mainly focus on
Chemical source and concentration
Estimation of short-term and long term exposure are usually in terms of
Doses by exposure rate
Which of the following risk assessment tool is used for the determination of spatial distribution of contaminants at the site?
Exposure assessment
What is the final stage of risk assessment?
Risk characterisation
The toxicological end point for dose-response relationship should be _________
Definitive
For existing chemicals, we should always consider ________ exposure assessment based on modelling, to derive an environmental concentration.
Reasonable worst case
What is the main goal of risk management?
Calculate probability of adverse effect on individual and population
Elements of safe chemical storage program consist of:
Inventory of Chemicals
Labeling of Chemicals
Segregating Incompatibles
All of the above
All of the above
The FAR reports the number of fatalities based on 1000 employees working their entire lifetime. The employees are assumed to work a total of 50 years.
FAR
The last step of accident process
Termination
LD50 in a toxicity test stands for ______
a dose that will kill 50% of an exposed population
which of the following incorrect?
The relief valve is primarily for liquid service.
The safety valve is for gas service.
The safety relief valve is used for liquid and gas service.
None of above
None of above
The pressure difference between the relief set pressure and the relief reseating pressure. It is expressed as a percentage of the set pressure
Blowdown
What is the most common approach used to assess skin exposure to a contaminant?
using pad or dosimeters to determine the amount of contaminant deposited on the skin
The father of occupational medicine who said a doctor should always ask a patient of what trade are you is said to be
Dr. Ramazzini
Who had a large influence on American OHS regulation in the early part of the 20th century, and who also wrote exploring the dangerous trades
dr. Alice Hamilton
In what year did the US federal government first pass a workers compensation act for some civil employees
1908
