Process Industries (Set 2) Flashcards
A survey of different chemical process industries, focusing on raw materials, processes, and products.
Lithopaneis
ZnS (white pigment)
What products do we get on electrolysis of saturated brine using steel cathode and graphite anode in an electrolytic cell ?
Cl
____ acid is the main constituent of cotton seed oil.
Linoleic
Chemical formula of ‘salt cake’ is
Na
Temperature during hydrogenation of oil should not be more than 200°C, otherwise it will result in
all (a), (b) and (c).
Nicotine is
both (a) and (b).
Separation of fresh water from sea water can be done by the ____ operation.
reverse osmosis
Na
washing soda
Reaction of an alcohol with organic acid is called the ____ reaction.
esterification
Ethanol amine is produced using ammonia and
ethylene oxide
____ acid is an unsaturated fatty acid.
Oleic
CO & H
all (a), (b) and (c)
Economics of ‘Solvay Process’ depends upon the efficiency of
ammonia recovery and size of the plant
____ is a thermosetting plastic.
Bakelite
Na
soda ash
Flux addition during smelting of ore is done to
remove impurities/gangue.
Hydrazine is used in water treatment for the removal of
dissolved oxygen
Direct conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy is done in a
fuel cell.
Which of the following is not produced commercially from sea water ?
Iodine
Pick out the wrong statement.
none of these.
Nylon-6 as compared to Nylon-66 is having higher
none of these
Digestion of wood-base materials (for manufacture of pulp) is done to
remove lignin.
Soap cannot be used with hard water, because
they form insoluble calcium soaps which precipitate.
Which of the following is not an antibiotic ?
Quinine
The most reactive allotropic form of phosphorus is ____ phosphorus.
yellow
Plasticisers are added to synthetic plastics to
all (a), (b) and (c).
Rosin soap is added during paper manufacture to
impart resistance to penetration by liquids.
Hydrogen gas is not produced commercially (for nitrogeneous fertiliser manufacture) by
iron-steam reaction.
Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is added in detergents to
prevent redeposition of soil on cleaned surface.
Synthesis gas is a mixture of
CO and H
Which of the following impurities in feed water for high pressure boiler is the most detrimental ?
Silica
Which glass is usually used in optical work?
Lead glass
Fourdrinier machine is used in the manufacture of
paper
The most popular and common detergent i.e., alkyl benzene sulfonate (ABS) is a/an ____ detergent.
anionic
Reaction of calcium carbide with water produces a gas, which is used
both (a) & (b).
Salt is the basic raw material for the manufacture of
caustic soda
Pick out the wrong statement.
TNT is a hygroscopic explosive having very high melting point and is non-toxic to human being.
Hydrazine (N
rocket fuel
Hydrocynic acid (HCN) is used as an insecticide for
citrus fruits
Molecular weight of plastics ranges from
20000 to 250000
Acrylonitrile is mainly used in the ____ industry.
dyeing
The enzyme which converts starch into the disacharides maltose is
diastase
Pick out the false statement pertaining to water treatment.
The zeolite water softening process reduces the hardness of water by not more than 50%.
Presence of H
increased dosage of chlorine to provide a disinfecting residual in the water.
Contact process of sulphuric acid manufacture
yields acid of higher concentration than chamber process.
Fat dispersed in water is exemplified by
butter
Maleic anhydride is produced by catalytic oxidation of
benzene
Catalyst used in the oxidation of benzene to produce maleic anhydride is
V
Widely used method for the conditioning of boiler feed water is the
hot-lime soda process
Blue colour is imparted to glass by the addition of
CaO
In the manufacture of viscose rayon, the raw material used industrially is
fine teak wood
Bordeaux mixture is a/an
inorganic fungicide
Silicone is a/an
inorganic polymer
Nickel is not used as a catalyst in the ____ reaction.
shift conversion
Roasting of metallurgical ores is done mainly to
remove arsenic & sulphur.
Molasses is the starting material for the production of
alcohol
BHC (Benzene hexachloride) is made by the chlorination of benzene
which is an addition reaction.
Diaphragm electrolytic cell as compared to mercury electrolytic cell
requires lesser investment for similar capacity.
Calcareous & argillaceous materials are used in the manufacture of
cement
Pick out the wrong statement.
none of these.
Commercial production of calcium carbide requires limestone and ____ as raw materials.
coke
Which one of the following is not likely to be a constituent of vegetable oils ?
Citric acid
Nitroglycerene absorbed in wood flour, sodium nitrate or ammonium nitrate is commercially used as a controlled explosive called dynamite. The raw material used for its manufacture are glycerene, nitric acid and
sulphuric acid
The process involved in converting rubber into a thin sheet or coating it on fabric is called
calendering
Detergent is produced by the sulphonation of dodecyl benzene, which is an ____ reaction.
both (b) and (c)
Air used in aerobic fermentation must be sterilized, otherwise the
contamination of pure culture would result.
Alkylbenzene sulfonate (ABS) is a
detergent
High temperature carbonisation of coal produces
none of these.
Alcohol content in freshly prepared natural and fortified wine may be respectively around ____ percent.
7-14 and 14-30
Setting of plaster of paris is accompanied with
hydration
Process conditions in fermentator used for production of penicillin is
25°C, 2 atm.
Platinum is a versatile catalyst for many processes in chemical industries. It is highly prone to be poisoned by the presence of
arsenic
Sodium chloride content in sea water is about ____ gms/litre.
25
Fluorescent dyes are added in detergents to
act as fabric brightener (by converting ultraviolet light to visible light) thereby improving the whiteness appearance of white fabrics.
High magnesia lime is added to hot sugar cane juice (during the manufacture of sugar) to
both (a) and (b).
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is
made by employing emulsion polymerisation.
Bleaching of paper pulp is done with
chlorine or chlorine dioxide
Pick out the wrong statement.
none of these.
Isopropyl benzene produced by alkylation of benzene with propylene is known as
cumene
Consider the production of ammonia from methene and air as raw materials. The catalyst used are: (
- Ni/Al
For the hydrogenation of oils ____ (A) ____ is commonly used as catalyst and ____ (B) ____ is a catalyst poison.
(A) nickel (B) sulphur
Main constituents of natural rubber is
polyisoprene
Highly porous refractory bricks are
none of these.
Fumigant insecticides
emit poisonous vapour.
Which of the following is an endothermic reaction ?
Both (b) and (c).
Fermentator temperature during production of alcohol from molasses is around ____ °C.
30
Which of the following coals has the highest calorific value ?
Anthracite
Which of the following is not an abrasive material ?
Bakelite
Pick out the wrong statement.
Red color is imparted to glass by addition of arsenic oxide.
Finely ground calcium aluminate & silicate is a/an
cement
Cooking liquor in case of sulphite process is
sodium sulphite and sodium bisulphite.
90% of the caprolactum is converted to nylon-6 on its condensation polymerisation in the reactor maintained at ____ °C.
10-30
Vegetable oils contain large quantity of glycerides of unsaturated acids. When the vegetable oils contain high amount of saturated fatty acids, it is termed as ____ oil.
non-drying
Fats as compared to oils have
less unsaturated glycerides of fatty acids.
Thermal pyrolysis of ethylene dichloride produces
vinyl chloride
The main component of pyrex glass is
lead
Alum [Al
all (a), (b) and (c)
____ is an ore concentrating metallurgical process involving a chemical change.
Roasting
Basic oxide is absent in ____ glass.
quartz
Graphite is a/an
both (b) and (c).
Nylon-6 is a
polyamide
Enzymes are
all (a), (b) and (c).
Multistage catalytic converter is not used in the
NH
The main product of high temperature carbonisation of coal is
coke
____ is a thermosetting plastic.
Epoxy polymer
In an integrated steel plant, NH
(NH
Flexible foam (for mattresses) is usually made of
polyurethanes
Glycerine is a by-product of the ____ industry.
soap
One of the steps during refining of cane sugar consists of addition of hydrated lime to the sugar syrup followed by carbonation of the resulting solution. The purpose of this step is to
adjust the pH of the syrup.
Permanent hardness of water can be removed by
all (a), (b), and (c).
Chalcopyrite is the main ore of
copper
The end bleaching agent used to move last traces of colour bodies from the pulp is
chlorine dioxide (ClO
Bio-degradable detergents
can be readily oxidised.
Sea water contains about ____ ppm of bromine.
70
Which allotrope of sulphur is insoluble in carbon disulphide ?
Plastic sulphur
Lubricating greases are a mixture of
mineral oil, soap and additives.
Metallic soap is ____ salt of fatty acids.
aluminium or calcium
Cation exchanger is regenerated usually with
H
In contact process, SO
water forms an acid mist, which is difficult to absorb.
Bitterns is a/an
none of these.
The most widely used coagulant for removing suspended impurities from water is
alum
Main constituent of limestone is
CaCO
____ is obtained as a by-product in the manufacture of sodium hydroxide using brine.
Chlorine
Fat splitting catalyst is
ZnO
Phthalic anhydride is used
as plasticisers
Penicillin is separated from fermented broth by
extraction with amyl or butyl acetate.
____ process is used for producing soda ash.
Solvay
Bleaching powder (chemically known as calcium chloro hypochlorite) is commercially produced by the action of chlorine on
slaked lime
Which of the following is an unsaturated fatty acid ?
Oleic acid
The yield of tar from high temperature carbonisation of dry coal is about ____ percent.
3
____ is used as a flux in the smelting of copper ore like chalcopyrite.
Silica/quartz
Phenol formaldehyde is produced by condensation polymerisation. It is also known as
bakelite
Hydrogenation of oil does not
none of these.
Main constituents of cotton fiber is
cellulose
CaCl(OCl) is the chemical formula of
bleaching powder
Which is the most suitable dye for synthetic fibres ?
Acid dye
Pick out the wrong statement.
none of these.
Pick out the wrong statement.
Acetylene gas can not be used for illumination purpose.
Hydrolysis of sugar is called
inversion
Sulphuric acid completely saturated with sulphur trioxide is called
concentrated sulphuric acid.
Fish contains about ____ percent oil.
20
The main aim behind cooling the digested chip at the bottom portion of the digestor by injecting cold black liquor is to
avoid mechanical weakening of fibre.
Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is known as
perspex
Coloured glass is obtained by mixing of colored salts. Addition of ____ oxide is done to impart greenish blue color to the glass.
copper
Percentage of alcohol in beer may be around ____ percent.
2-8
Which of the following is an ore of iron ?
Hematite
Which of the following may be viewed as a catalyst in the manufacture of soda ash by Solvay process ?
NH
High purity nitrogen is used in
both (a) & (b).
Commercial production of soda ash by Solvay process requires limestone, ____ as raw materials.
brine and coal
Naphthalene is removed from coke oven gas by
scrubbing with wash oil.
The compressive strength of cement should not be less than about 110Kg/cm
1600
Which of the following is not present in bagasse fibre ?
None of these
Nitric acid is not used in the manufacture of
detergents
Naphthols are derivates of
naphthalene
Fermentation is adversely affected by the
high concentration.
Extraction of ____ employs an electrolytic process.
aluminium
Dechlorination of treated water is necessary to
remove chlorinous taste.
Fire clay is ____ refractory material.
an acidic
An oil is converted into fat by its
hydrogenation
Production of one ton of cement requires about ____ tons of limestone.
1.2
Low temperature carbonisation of coal takes place at ____ °C.
700
Shaving soaps are
soft potassium soaps (potassium salt of fatty acid) with free stearic acid to give lather a lasting property.
