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Chemical Engineering Reviewer > Environmental Engineering & Industrial Waste Management > Flashcards

Environmental Engineering & Industrial Waste Management Flashcards

Concepts in Environmental Sciences and Engineering. This includes waste management in chemical processes.

1
Q

It is known as Water Quality Guidelines and General Eflluent Standards of 2016

A

DAO No. 2016-08

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2
Q

Water Quality Guidelines

A

DAO 34

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3
Q

General Effluent Standards

A

DAO 35

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4
Q

Clean Water Act

A

RA 9275

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5
Q

% Salinity (Freshwater)

A

< 500 ppm

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6
Q

% Salinity (Marine Water)

A

< 30 ppt

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7
Q

Class of water intended for primary contact recreaction such as bathing, swimming, skin diving, etc.

A

Class B

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8
Q

Indication of the age of sewage

A

Color

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9
Q

Color for freshwater

A

Grayish

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10
Q

Color for septic

A

Black

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11
Q

Amines

A

Fish

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12
Q

Ammonia

A

Ammoniacal

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13
Q

Diamines

A

Decayed fish

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14
Q

H2S

A

Rotten eggs

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15
Q

Mercaptans

A

Skunk

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16
Q

Organic Skatoles

A

Rotten cabbage

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17
Q

Skatole

A

Fecal

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18
Q

Gas responsible for the rotten egg odor of wastewater

A

Hydrogen sulfide

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19
Q

Turbidity (Clear Lake)

A

25 units

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20
Q

Turbidity (Muddy)

A

> 100 units

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21
Q

Two ways to measure turbidity

A

JTU Turbidimeter and Secchi Disk Depth

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22
Q

The resistance of water to the passage of light through it is a measure of the

A

Turbidity

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23
Q

Which of the following apparatus is not used in measuring tubidity?

A

Photoelectric Colorimeter

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24
Q

The total solids in water are due to the presence of

A

Suspended and dissolved solids

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25
Q

Sodium ions contribute to which characteristics of water

A

Total dissolved ions

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26
Q

Dissolved oxygen in water is reduced during

A

Summer

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27
Q

The color of wastewater containing little or no dissolved oxygen is

A

Black

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28
Q

In the determination of BOD, the reaction takes place at

A

20 degC

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29
Q

In determination of BOD, the reaction takes place in the dark because

A

Algae may be present and produce oxygen

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30
Q

Which of the following is not a physical characteristic of wastewater?

A

Hardness

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31
Q

It is the phenomenon that results in the overabundance of algae growth in bodies of water. It is also the natural process of nutrient enrichment that occurs over time in a body of water

A

Eutrophication

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32
Q

Measure of the total organic and ammonia nitrogen in the wastewater. It also gives a measure of the availability of nitrogen for building cells.

A

TKN (Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen)

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33
Q

Involves the accumulation of trace metals through each species of the food chain

A

Biomagnification

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34
Q

A trace metal which causes Itai-itai disease

A

Cadmium

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35
Q

Minimata Disease

A

Mercury

36
Q

Type of wastewater treatment that employs physical and chemical treatment methods to remove or reduce a high percentage of suspended solids and toxic materials.

A

Primary Treatment

37
Q

Removable of all settleable particles rendered settleable under the influence of gravity, basically the theory of gravity under the influence of which all particles heavier than the water tend to settle down.

A

Sedimentation

38
Q

Hard water can be softened by

A

Passing it through an ion exchanger

39
Q

In facultative stabilization pond, the sewage is treated by,

A

Aerobical and Anaerobic Bacteria

40
Q

Process whereby coarse matter (suspended or floating) of a certain size can be strained out of flowing water with the aid of bars, fines wires or rocks.

A

Screening

41
Q

Water treatment that destroys disease-causing bacteria, nuisance bacteria, parasites, and other organisms and removes soluble irons, manganese and hydrogen sulfide from water.

A

Chlorination

42
Q

A code for plastics used for food wrapping, trash bags, grocery bags, and baby diapers

A

4

43
Q

It is the internationla salute that is currently the primary basis of the Philippines in its latest environmental dispute with Canada.

A

Basel Convention

44
Q

Ecological Solid Waste Act of 2000 is otherwise known as

A

RA 9003

45
Q

Smokey Mountain is a typical example of a facility for solid waste. It is classified as

A

Open dumping site

46
Q

A global treaty that aims to diminish and eventually phase out chlorofluorocarbons

A

Montreal Protocol

47
Q

Collective term for the initial POPs identified by the Stockholm Convention

A

Dirty Dozens

48
Q

It is an odorless and colorless gas that is lethal to humans with exposure as short as a few minutes to concentrations exceeding 5000 ppm. It reacts with hemoglobin in the blood rendering the latter incapable of carrying oxygen to the body.

A

Carbon Monoxide

49
Q

Pick out the wrong statement.

A

The radio waves used in the long-distance radio communication are reflected to earth by stratosphere.

50
Q

The rate at which temperature in the atmosphere changes with
altitude is called

A

Lapse Rate

51
Q

Which biogeochemical cycle has bacteria living in a symbiotic relationship with the roots of legumes?

A

Nitrogen

52
Q

By which process is carbon dioxide released from plants back into the atmosphere?

A

Respiration

53
Q

Which of the acid combination is the dominant composition of acid rain?

A

Nitric Acid and Sulfuric Acid

54
Q

Clean Air Act of the Philippines

A

RA 8749

55
Q

An act to control toxic substances and hazardous and nuclear wastes providing penalties for violation thereof.

A

RA 6969

56
Q

All of the biogeochemical cycles involve the atmosphere as either sink or reservoir except for one. This exception cycle uses the ___ as its sink.

A

Hydrosphere

57
Q

Process where decomposers return back the nitrogen to the soild through the remains and waste of plants and animals.

A

Ammonification

58
Q

Cause hardness in water

A

Calcium and Magnesium Salts

59
Q

Basic components of fertilizer

A

Nitrogen and Phosphorus

60
Q

Heavy metals toxic in small concentration

A

Trace metals

61
Q

Hardness (Soft)

A

< 17.61 ppm as CaCO₃

62
Q

Hardness (Slightly Hard)

A

17.61-60 ppm as CaCO₃

63
Q

Hardness (Moderately Hard)

A

60-120 ppm as CaCO₃

64
Q

Hardness (Hard)

A

120-180 ppm as CaCO₃

65
Q

Hardness (Very Hard)

A

> 180 ppm as CaCO₃

66
Q

BOD5

A

(DOi - DOf) / (Vwastewater/Vtotal)

67
Q

Seeded BOD5

A

(DOi - DOf) - (BOi - BOf)(1-P) / (P)
P = Vwastewater/Vtotal
Vtotal = Vwastewater + Vdilutionwater

68
Q

Standard BOD Bottle Volume

A

Vtotal = 300 mL

69
Q

BOD @ t

A

L0 (1 - exp(-kd*t))

70
Q

Given a BOD vs. time data, what should be the value of k and L0?

A

For y = A + Bx
Where y = (t/BOD)^1/3 and x = t:
k = 6B/A
L0 = 1/(6BA^2)

71
Q

What is the value of θ for 20 ≤ T ≤ 30 for “kd(T) = kd(20°C) θ^(T-20)”?

A

1.056

72
Q

What is the value of θ for T < 20 for “kd(T) = kd(20°C) θ^(T-20)”?

A

1.135

73
Q

What is the value of θ for T > 30 for “kd(T) = kd(20°C) θ^(T-20)”?

A

1.047

74
Q

Saturated DO at T = 10°C

A

11.33 mg/L

75
Q

Saturated DO at T = 20°C

A

9.1 mg/L

76
Q

Saturated DO at T = 25°C

A

8.38 mg/L

77
Q

What is kr @ 20°C given the stream velocity (v) and stream depth (H)?

A

kr = 3.9 v^1/2 / H^3/2

78
Q

What is kr(T) correlation?

A

kr = kr(20°C)(1.024)^(T-20)

79
Q

What is kd given the BOD rate constant @ 20°C (k), stream velocity (v), stream depth (H), and bed coefficient (η)?

A

kd = k + vη/h

80
Q

Initial assumption of bed coefficient (η) value for deoxygenation constant (kd) in fast flowing waters (it is the usual maximum)?

A

0.6

81
Q

Initial assumption of bed coefficient (η) value for deoxygenation constant (kd) in stagnant and deep waters (it is the usual minimum)?

A

0.1

82
Q

Critical oxygen deficit if kd ≠ kr

A

tc = [1/(kr - kd)] * ln((kr/kd) * (1 - (D0/L0)*((kr-kd)/kd)))

83
Q

Critical oxygen deficit if kd = kr

A

tc = [1/kd] * (1 - D0/L0)

84
Q

A newly graduate chemical engineer was assigned to team of engineers in food processing plant. The problem given was to determine the best locations for new two plants, considering two possible areas where rivers were available. The following data were given:

A

Plant B-B

Target is Low Dmax, High DOmin or DOcrit

85
Q

You are working in a site where a leaking underground storage tank has contaminated the soil and groundwater was analyzed and the concentrations of benzene and methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) were found to be 45 and 500 micro grams per liter, respectively. At the soil temperature (10°C) the dimensionless Henry’s constants, H for benzene and MTBE are 0.09 and 0.01, respectively. Calculate the soil vapor concentrations of both chemical compounds.

A

Benzene = 0.36 μg/L and MTBE = 5 μg/L

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