Environmental Engineering & Industrial Waste Management Flashcards
Concepts in Environmental Sciences and Engineering. This includes waste management in chemical processes.
It is known as Water Quality Guidelines and General Eflluent Standards of 2016
DAO No. 2016-08
Water Quality Guidelines
DAO 34
General Effluent Standards
DAO 35
Clean Water Act
RA 9275
% Salinity (Freshwater)
< 500 ppm
% Salinity (Marine Water)
< 30 ppt
Class of water intended for primary contact recreaction such as bathing, swimming, skin diving, etc.
Class B
Indication of the age of sewage
Color
Color for freshwater
Grayish
Color for septic
Black
Amines
Fish
Ammonia
Ammoniacal
Diamines
Decayed fish
H2S
Rotten eggs
Mercaptans
Skunk
Organic Skatoles
Rotten cabbage
Skatole
Fecal
Gas responsible for the rotten egg odor of wastewater
Hydrogen sulfide
Turbidity (Clear Lake)
25 units
Turbidity (Muddy)
> 100 units
Two ways to measure turbidity
JTU Turbidimeter and Secchi Disk Depth
The resistance of water to the passage of light through it is a measure of the
Turbidity
Which of the following apparatus is not used in measuring tubidity?
Photoelectric Colorimeter
The total solids in water are due to the presence of
Suspended and dissolved solids
Sodium ions contribute to which characteristics of water
Total dissolved ions
Dissolved oxygen in water is reduced during
Summer
The color of wastewater containing little or no dissolved oxygen is
Black
In the determination of BOD, the reaction takes place at
20 degC
In determination of BOD, the reaction takes place in the dark because
Algae may be present and produce oxygen
Which of the following is not a physical characteristic of wastewater?
Hardness
It is the phenomenon that results in the overabundance of algae growth in bodies of water. It is also the natural process of nutrient enrichment that occurs over time in a body of water
Eutrophication
Measure of the total organic and ammonia nitrogen in the wastewater. It also gives a measure of the availability of nitrogen for building cells.
TKN (Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen)
Involves the accumulation of trace metals through each species of the food chain
Biomagnification
A trace metal which causes Itai-itai disease
Cadmium
Minimata Disease
Mercury
Type of wastewater treatment that employs physical and chemical treatment methods to remove or reduce a high percentage of suspended solids and toxic materials.
Primary Treatment
Removable of all settleable particles rendered settleable under the influence of gravity, basically the theory of gravity under the influence of which all particles heavier than the water tend to settle down.
Sedimentation
Hard water can be softened by
Passing it through an ion exchanger
In facultative stabilization pond, the sewage is treated by,
Aerobical and Anaerobic Bacteria
Process whereby coarse matter (suspended or floating) of a certain size can be strained out of flowing water with the aid of bars, fines wires or rocks.
Screening
Water treatment that destroys disease-causing bacteria, nuisance bacteria, parasites, and other organisms and removes soluble irons, manganese and hydrogen sulfide from water.
Chlorination
A code for plastics used for food wrapping, trash bags, grocery bags, and baby diapers
4
It is the internationla salute that is currently the primary basis of the Philippines in its latest environmental dispute with Canada.
Basel Convention
Ecological Solid Waste Act of 2000 is otherwise known as
RA 9003
Smokey Mountain is a typical example of a facility for solid waste. It is classified as
Open dumping site
A global treaty that aims to diminish and eventually phase out chlorofluorocarbons
Montreal Protocol
Collective term for the initial POPs identified by the Stockholm Convention
Dirty Dozens
It is an odorless and colorless gas that is lethal to humans with exposure as short as a few minutes to concentrations exceeding 5000 ppm. It reacts with hemoglobin in the blood rendering the latter incapable of carrying oxygen to the body.
Carbon Monoxide
Pick out the wrong statement.
The radio waves used in the long-distance radio communication are reflected to earth by stratosphere.
The rate at which temperature in the atmosphere changes with
altitude is called
Lapse Rate
Which biogeochemical cycle has bacteria living in a symbiotic relationship with the roots of legumes?
Nitrogen
By which process is carbon dioxide released from plants back into the atmosphere?
Respiration
Which of the acid combination is the dominant composition of acid rain?
Nitric Acid and Sulfuric Acid
Clean Air Act of the Philippines
RA 8749
An act to control toxic substances and hazardous and nuclear wastes providing penalties for violation thereof.
RA 6969
All of the biogeochemical cycles involve the atmosphere as either sink or reservoir except for one. This exception cycle uses the ___ as its sink.
Hydrosphere
Process where decomposers return back the nitrogen to the soild through the remains and waste of plants and animals.
Ammonification
Cause hardness in water
Calcium and Magnesium Salts
Basic components of fertilizer
Nitrogen and Phosphorus
Heavy metals toxic in small concentration
Trace metals
Hardness (Soft)
< 17.61 ppm as CaCO₃
Hardness (Slightly Hard)
17.61-60 ppm as CaCO₃
Hardness (Moderately Hard)
60-120 ppm as CaCO₃
Hardness (Hard)
120-180 ppm as CaCO₃
Hardness (Very Hard)
> 180 ppm as CaCO₃
BOD5
(DOi - DOf) / (Vwastewater/Vtotal)
Seeded BOD5
(DOi - DOf) - (BOi - BOf)(1-P) / (P)
P = Vwastewater/Vtotal
Vtotal = Vwastewater + Vdilutionwater
Standard BOD Bottle Volume
Vtotal = 300 mL
BOD @ t
L0 (1 - exp(-kd*t))
Given a BOD vs. time data, what should be the value of k and L0?
For y = A + Bx
Where y = (t/BOD)^1/3 and x = t:
k = 6B/A
L0 = 1/(6BA^2)
What is the value of θ for 20 ≤ T ≤ 30 for “kd(T) = kd(20°C) θ^(T-20)”?
1.056
What is the value of θ for T < 20 for “kd(T) = kd(20°C) θ^(T-20)”?
1.135
What is the value of θ for T > 30 for “kd(T) = kd(20°C) θ^(T-20)”?
1.047
Saturated DO at T = 10°C
11.33 mg/L
Saturated DO at T = 20°C
9.1 mg/L
Saturated DO at T = 25°C
8.38 mg/L
What is kr @ 20°C given the stream velocity (v) and stream depth (H)?
kr = 3.9 v^1/2 / H^3/2
What is kr(T) correlation?
kr = kr(20°C)(1.024)^(T-20)
What is kd given the BOD rate constant @ 20°C (k), stream velocity (v), stream depth (H), and bed coefficient (η)?
kd = k + vη/h
Initial assumption of bed coefficient (η) value for deoxygenation constant (kd) in fast flowing waters (it is the usual maximum)?
0.6
Initial assumption of bed coefficient (η) value for deoxygenation constant (kd) in stagnant and deep waters (it is the usual minimum)?
0.1
Critical oxygen deficit if kd ≠ kr
tc = [1/(kr - kd)] * ln((kr/kd) * (1 - (D0/L0)*((kr-kd)/kd)))
Critical oxygen deficit if kd = kr
tc = [1/kd] * (1 - D0/L0)
A newly graduate chemical engineer was assigned to team of engineers in food processing plant. The problem given was to determine the best locations for new two plants, considering two possible areas where rivers were available. The following data were given:
Plant B-B
Target is Low Dmax, High DOmin or DOcrit
You are working in a site where a leaking underground storage tank has contaminated the soil and groundwater was analyzed and the concentrations of benzene and methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) were found to be 45 and 500 micro grams per liter, respectively. At the soil temperature (10°C) the dimensionless Henry’s constants, H for benzene and MTBE are 0.09 and 0.01, respectively. Calculate the soil vapor concentrations of both chemical compounds.
Benzene = 0.36 μg/L and MTBE = 5 μg/L
