Process of Infection

Question 1

antigen (2)

Answer 1

• marker located on cell membrane that identifies cell as self or non-self
• antibody generator

Question 2

carrier (3)

Answer 2

• harbors pathogen
• no signs/symptoms
• capable of spreading

Question 3

disease (2)

Answer 3

• condition marked by complaints, history, signs, symptoms

- tangible/measurable

Question 4

endogenous source

Answer 4

originates within cell organism or population

Question 5

exogenous source

Answer 5

originates outside cell organism or population

Question 6

flora (2)

Answer 6

• microbial population specially adapted for specific environment
• transient flora reside on skin surface

Question 7

fomite

Answer 7

inanimate object that transmits disease

Question 8

infection (2)

Answer 8

• disease caused by micro-organism

- release toxins/invade body tissue

Question 9

inflammation (4)

Answer 9

• non-specific defense mechanism
• fights injury/allergy/infection
• protect invasion foreign organisms
• repair tissue trauma

Question 10

nosocomial infection

Answer 10

infection that is acquired/occurs in the health care setting

Question 11

pathogenicity

Answer 11

microorganisms ability to produce pathological changes/disease in organism

Question 12

pus (2)

Answer 12

• yellow, protein rich, exudate

- white blood cells / cellular debris

Question 13

reservoir

Answer 13

object/substance where infection agent lives, multiplies, depends for survival and reproduces

Question 14

sepsis (2)

Answer 14

• systemic inflammatory response to infection

- virulent pathogen/host

Question 15

surgically clean (2)

Answer 15

• object/substance mechanically cleaned chemically disinfected
• not sterile

Question 16

vector

Answer 16

an insect carrier that transmits causative organism from infected to non-infected

Question 17

virulence

Answer 17

power and degree of pathogenicity possessed by a microorganism

Question 18

inflammatory process (2)

Answer 18

• occurs in 3 stages

- attempts to restore homeostasis

Question 19

signs of inflammation (5)

Answer 19

• redness
• heat
• swelling
• pain
• loss of function

Question 20

resistance

Answer 20

ability to ward off disease via defense mechanisms

Question 21

susceptibility

Answer 21

lack of resistance

Question 22

innate defense (3)

Answer 22

• non-pecific
• species resistance
• mechanical barriers

Question 23

adaptive defenses (3)

Answer 23

• specificity (can identify self)
• memory (remembers pathogens)
• immunity

Question 24

chemical barriers

Answer 24

-complement normally inactive proteins interact biochemically to enhance certain immune, allergic and inflammatory responses

Question 25

natural killer cells

Answer 25

-considered non specific due to lack of antigen receptors

Question 26

fever (3)

Answer 26

- -non-pecific - second line of defense - sustained body temperature - speeds up tissue remember

Question 27

phagocytosis

Answer 27

- non-pecific | - helps with immune sensitivity

Question 28

inflammation

Answer 28

- second line of defense | - nonspecific

Question 29

antigen

Answer 29

- any substance recognized as non self by immune - 2 characterists - immunogenicity: provokes immune response - reactivity: ability react specifically with lymphocytes/antibodies

Question 30

hapten

Answer 30

partial antigen that only possesses reactivity

Question 31

3 routes antigens get to lymphatic system

Answer 31

1. antigens in bloodstream deposited in spleen 2. antigens in interstitial fluids enter lymphatic/end up in lymph nodes 3. antgens penetrate mucous membrane lodge in mucous associated lymphoid tissue

Question 32

antibody/immunoglobulin

Answer 32

- referred to as Igs - five major types of antibodies 1. igG %80 anti-rh antibodies 2. igA titty milk 3. igM %6 primary immune response

Question 33

3 ways for antibodies attack antigens

Answer 33

1. direct attack on antigens 2. activation complement 3. igE bound to mast cells serves to promote inflammation

Question 34

lag phase

Answer 34

period of time between initial entrance of antigen and primary immune response

Question 35

secondary response

Answer 35

- cloned memory cells proliferate/increase secretory activity - increase amount of iG to antigen - antibody titer > primary response

Question 36

2 types of immunity

Answer 36

- cell mediated immune response (cell to cell interaction) | - antibody mediated (humoral) response: extracellular pathogen