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Microbiology/Pathophysiology > Intro to Pathophsiology > Flashcards

Intro to Pathophsiology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

helicobacter pylori (3)

A
  • bacterium
  • gastric ulcers
  • stomach caner/lymphoma
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2
Q

genetic factors of cancer (2)

A
  • any hereditary predisposition to neoplastic development

- may play role in development of certain cancers

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3
Q

carcinogenesis

A

-process normal cells turn into cancerous cells

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4
Q

remission

A

-abatement of signs/symptoms of disease

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5
Q

environmental factors (5)

A
  • ultraviolet radiation
  • radon gas
  • industrial pollutants
  • man made ionizing radiation
  • tobacco
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6
Q

malignant stage (2)

A
  • neoplasm developed into malignant tumor from continued exposure to risk factors
  • may spread by way of invasion, seeding, metastasis
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7
Q

prognosis

A
  • prediction of course/end of disease

- estimated chance for recovery

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8
Q

tumor word suffix: -carcinoma

A

solid epithelial tissue malignancy

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9
Q

seeding (2)

A
  • step 2*
  • basic mechanism for spread of cancer
  • spread of neoplastic cells among membrane
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10
Q

malignant tumor (3)

A
  • easily spread
  • rapidly expanding/progressing
  • un-incapsulated, poorly defined borders
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11
Q

pathophysiology

A

-study of how normal function/physiological process is affected by disease

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12
Q

TNM (tumors,nodes,metastasis) classification (2)

A
  • most common classification of solid tumors

- provides prognosis/determining course of treatment

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13
Q

invasion (infiltration)

A
  • step 1*
  • basic mechanism for spread of cancer
  • penetration of neoplastic cells into adjacent tissue
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14
Q

atrophy (2)

A
  • degeneration/wasting away of tissue or organ

- smaller in cell size = smaller muscle mass

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15
Q

hypertrophy (2)

A
  • normal process

- increase size/bulk of normal cells

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16
Q

neoplasia

A
  • abnormal growth of tissue

- can give way to neoplasm

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17
Q

oncology

A

-study of malignant tumors

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18
Q

benign tumor (5)

A
  • slow expanding
  • encapsulated mass with easily defined borders
  • normal cells reproduce at high rate
  • remain localized, no systemic effects
  • rarely reoccur once removed
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19
Q

tumor word root: Osteo-

A

bone

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20
Q

idiopathic

A

a disease or condition whose cause is undetermined

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21
Q

lesion (2)

A
  • circumscribed area of pathologically-altered tissue

- not cancerous

22
Q

epidemiology

A

science of tracking pattern, distribution, or occurrence of disease

23
Q

sentinel lymph node

A
  • 1st lymph node cancer cells are likely to spread to from primary site
  • negative SLNB (tumor localized)
  • positive SLNB (cancer present on sentinel lymph nodes, possible in other nodes/organs)
24
Q

anaplasia (3)

A
  • loss of cellular differentiation and function
  • malignant neoplasms
  • basis of grading tumor
25
Q

immunotherapy

A

use of individuals own immune system to fight cancer

26
Q

radical excision (3)

A
  • primary tumor removed
  • potions of surrounding tissues/organs
  • regional lymph nodes removed
27
Q

neoplasm

A

-new or abnormal formation of tissue which grows at the expense of a healthy host

28
Q

internal therapy

A
  • placement of radioactive device within tissue

- delivers dosage directly to surrounding tissue

29
Q

carcinogen

A

-elements that are initiating factors of, promoting factors or both

30
Q

Biological Response Modifier

A

-naturally occurring substance that can be replicated in lab

31
Q

in situ (3)

A
  • neoplasm
  • remains localized
  • doesn’t invade surrounding tissue
32
Q

tumor word root: Chondro-

A

cartilage

-chondroma; chondrosarcoma

33
Q

dysplasia (2)

A
  • change in size/shape/origination of cells

- step in development of cancer

34
Q

palliative surgery

A
  • performed to alleviate pain/comfort of patient
  • excision of draining abscesses
  • drainage of ascites
  • excision of intestinal obstruction
  • excision of perforated or hemorrhaging viscera
  • severe nerve pathways
35
Q

tumor word root: Myo-

A

muscle

36
Q

tumor word root: Adeno-

A

gland

-adenoma; adenocarcinoma

37
Q

hyperplasia (2)

A
  • abnormal

- increase in number of cells resulting in abnormal size

38
Q

en bloc resection

A

-excision of primary tumor/adjacent structures as whole masse

39
Q

differentiation

A

-individual characteristics leading to specialization

40
Q

what is tumor grading based off of?

A

-degree of anaplasia of tissue obtained from biopsy

41
Q

signs

A

-object evidence of disease apparent to observers

42
Q

tumor word root: Lipo-

A

adipose (fat)

43
Q

simple excision

A

-primary tumor is removed with slight margins of surrounding tissue

44
Q

symptoms

A

-experience of disease experienced by the patient only

45
Q

metastasis

A
  • step 3*
  • basic mechanism for spread of cancer
  • spread of neoplastic cells by vascular/lymphatic channels
46
Q

debulking

A

-procedure to remove as much of primary tumor as possible

47
Q

tumor

A
  • swelling or enlargement

- benign or malignant

48
Q

fulguration

A

burning of cancerous tissue

49
Q

Moh’s chemosurgery

A
  • tumor is fixed in place

- successive layers of tissue removed and examined until cancer is not detected

50
Q

biopsy (2)

A
  • removal of tissue sample for examination/diagnosis

- only definitive diagnosis of neoplasm

Microbiology/Pathophysiology (9 decks)

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