Anesthesia Flashcards
how long/why patient NPO prior to care?
- 6-8 hour*
- PT may vomit and aspirate gastric contents
what is purpose of anesthesia consent?
- PT permission
- explain risks/complications/alternatives
function of prep visit
- allay PTs fear/anxiety
- assess mental/physical condition
- obtain informed consent
what factors can cause cancellation of procedure?
- prolonged clotting time
- cold/flu
- infection inc. teeth and gums
why are ANTICHOLINERGICS used?
- ATROPINE*
- prevent pediatric bradycardia
- control secretions
- control cardiac reflex (bradycardia)
why should all surgical patients have an IV in OR?
- emergency drugs administered if needed
- prevent dehydration
- maintain blood volume
which phase is cardiac/respiratory arrest most likely?
the induction phase
why are PT’s eyes taped shut?
prevent corneal injuries
surg techs role if PT experiences cardiac arrest?
-remain sterile/protect sterile field
what is dark blood an indication of?
PT is hypoxic (region of body deprived oxygen)
what is balanced anesthesia?
combination of IV drugs/inhalation agents to achieve appropriate level of anesthesia
cricoid pressure
- Sellecks maneuver*
- reduces risk of aspiration
- pressure applied prior to intubation/position of ET tube verified
malignant hyperthermia
- skeletal muscles contract and can’t relax
- resulting rigidity=heat/lactic acid/carbon dioxide buildup
- genetically transmitted
- more common in males
- treated with dantrolene
what are allergies treated with?
antihistamines
What can cause shock/what is administered?
- significant blood loss
- Type-O (universal donor) given in emergencies
commonly used opiate/opioid analglesics
- morphine sulfate
- meperidine (demerol)
purpose of induced HYPOTHERMIA
- reduction in body metabolism
- reduction oxygen/glucose consumption
- reduction in waste production
- permits use of lower inhalation/IV doses
purpose of induced HYPOTENSION
- controlled decrease arterial pressure
- decrease in bleeding
- increase visibility in surgical field
nerve conduction blocking agents:
AMINO AMIDE GROUP
- metabolized liver, secreted kidneys*
- lidocaine hydrochloride
- mepivicaine hydrochloride
- bupivicane hydrochloride
- ropivicaine hydrochloride
nerve conduction blocking agents:
AMINO ESTER GROUP
- biotransformed in plasma*
- cocaine hydrochloride
- procaine hydrochloride
- tetracaine hydrochloride
local anesthesia
- local infiltration*
- nerve blocking agent injected area surrounding peripheral nerve that only serve tissue at site of surgery
- prolonged by epinephrine*
brachial plexus nerve block:
BIER BLOCK
- double cuff tourniquet applied, remains for procedure
- solution injected below tourniquet
- anesthesia to distal portion of extremity below
- tourniquet removed slowly
spinal block
- aka INTRATHECAL*
- injection into subarachnoid space CSF
- administered below L2
epidural anesthesia
anesthetic injected into tissue above DURA MATER
