Process Models

Question 1

List the process models

Answer 1

Waterfall

Incremental 
Iterative
Evolutionary
Spiral
Prototyping 

Rapid App Development
CASE
Agile

Object-oriented
COTS

Question 2

What are the steps of the Waterfall model

Answer 2

1. Requirements Definition
2. Sys. & Soft. Design
3. Implementation & Unit Testing.
4. Integration and Sys. Testing.
5. Operational Maintenance.

Question 3

What are important takeaways for the Waterfall model.

Answer 3

No iteration, inflexible to accommodating change
Limited user involvement.

If used, should incorporate iteration and user walkthrough.

Question 4

What are important takeaways for the Incremental (waterfall) Approach?

Answer 4

Divide project into independent parts and developing these parts separately then combining.

Benefits:
-Less cost and time for first delivery/increment.
-Less risk to develop smaller systems/increments.
-Less user rqmt. changes.
-Incremental funding.
Issues come from misuse:
-Bad change requests destabilize.
-Unstable requirements mess up increments.
-Managing complexity can be an issue
Increments:
-First increment is usually the core product.
-Each increment impact the design of later increments

Question 5

What are important takeaways for the Iterative/Incremental Approach?

Answer 5

Not development of independent parts (chunks of functionality), but rather each iteration refines what has been developed in previous iterations.

Disadvantages:

• Phases are rigid and phases don’t overlap.
• architecture may suffer due to front loading.

Question 6

What are important takeaways for the Evolutionary Approach

Answer 6

Developed using a prototype and refined through user feedback.

Question 7

What process models are considered evolutionary?

Answer 7

Spiral, iterative, Agile, prototyping, and incremental models.

Question 8

What are issues of evolutionary methods and applicability?

Answer 8

Issues: 
Opaque process visibility.
Poorly structured systems. 
Oft require special skills. 
Applicability: 
Sm. or medium-size interactive systems. 
Parts of large systems (e.g. user interface). 
Short-lifetime systems.

Question 9

Rapid Application Development (RAD) uses what primarily?

Answer 9

Prototyping, extensive user involvement, JAD (Joint App Development Sessions), and tools (CASE, Code generators) to build GUIs.

Question 10

RAD is focused on?

Answer 10

Radically decrease design and implementation time.

Question 11

RAD issues?

Answer 11

• Requires developers and customers who are heavily committed.
• Performance can be a problem.
• Difficult to use with new technology

Question 12

CASE (Computer-Aided Software Engineering) Tools

Answer 12

• Diagramming tools.
• Auto consistency checking.
• Central Repository for diagrams, Project Mgt specs, and reports.
• Generate documenation.
• Auto code generators.

Question 13

Key Principles of Agile

Answer 13

Adaptive vs. predictive.
Emphasize people not roles.
Self-adaptive processes.

Question 14

When to use agile?

Answer 14

Small project
Unpredictable or dynamic requirements
Responsible and motivated developers
Customers that understand the process and are involved.

Question 15

What are critical factors that distinguish agile?

Answer 15

Size
Criticality
Dynamism
Personnel
Culture

Question 16

OOSAD

Answer 16

Based on related data and behaviors grouped together (OBJECTS) rather than data or processes.
Class, interaction and state diagrams with O-O programming are commonly used.

Question 17

What are the phases of OOSAD and RUP?

Answer 17

1. Inception
2. Elaboration
3. Construction
4. Transition

Question 18

(Fill in the blanks) RUP is the ________ ___________ version of OOSAD.

Answer 18

Most common

Question 19

How are the separate phases organized in RUP?

Answer 19

Into a number of separate iterations.

Question 20

True or False: It is more effective to buy payroll systems and ERP systems off the shelf.

Answer 20

True

Question 21

The spiral approach does these two things well:

Answer 21

Involves users after every dvlpmt phase.

Can use prototyping during any phase in the evolution of product.

Question 22

Choose one: The spiral model is

a. ) often considered the best approach.

b. ) often considered the worst approach.

Answer 22

a.)

Question 23

Requirement gathering can be facilitated with this model.

Answer 23

Prototyping

Question 24

What are the three general steps of prototyping?

Answer 24

1. Build/Revise prototype.
2. Customer test drives.
3. Listen to customer.

Question 25

What are the 4 different prototypes?

Answer 25

Throwaway- Functional but not fully featured. A.k.a. patched-up prototype)
Nonoperational- scale model used to test only certain design aspects.
First-of-a-series- Fully fn. but only used at one site.
Selected features- Includes several desired features or “stubs”; can evolve into final system.