Process & Layout Flashcards
project:
Highly customized products
Customized production
Resources allocated to one projects
Resources are often to a particular project
The time scale to complete is usually very long
Examples: channel tunnel, ship building, movie making
jobbing:
High customization that requires high manufacturing flexibility
Resources are allocated to multiple projects at the same time
Jobs are usually shorter in duration than projects
Volumes are relatively low and there is little opportunity for repeat production
Examples: precision engineers, bespoke tailors, furniture restorers, modular buildings and modular homes.
Batch
Medium volumes and variety
Set production
Some customization may be offered, but batch is mostly used for standard products
Examples: include clothing manufacture, car components, gourmet frozen foods
Mass
High volumes, low variety and no customization
Massive discrete production
The operation process is repetitive and predictable and factories can be dedicated to single products
examples: beer bottling,
continous:
Even higher volumes and lower variety than mass
Massive continuous production
Examples: include chemicals, electricity utilities and steel making
Mass customization:
High volumes, high variety
Made to order or built to order production
Massive discrete customized production
Or, postponing the task of differentiating a product for a specific customer
The operation process is repetitive and somehow predictable
Factories can be dedicated to single products with high customization
It requires collaboration between customers and manufacturer
Examples: include some cars manufactured, modular software, some clothing companies
Professional services:
High customer contact with high customization
Low to medium volumes of customers
Examples: lawyers, doctors, interior designers, management consultants
Service shops:
Medium customer contact with some customization is allowed
Usually medium volumes
Examples: restaurants, hotels, schools, banks
Mass services:
Low customer contact
No customization and high volumes
Examples: include supermarkets, rail networks, airports
Mass customization (in services)
High volumes, high variety
Made to order or built to order production
Fixed position layout
The machines and employees move around the product to be transformed.
Process layout
Processes grouped by type
Products / customers move from work center to work center depending on requirements
Cell layout
Often cells are used to focus on one product family or type of customer.
Product layout
The product/customer moves to each process in sequence.
Good layouts consider…
- Material handling equipment
- Capacity and space requirements
- Environment and aesthetics
- Flows of information
- Cost of moving between various work areas
