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Boards > Process 1 > Flashcards

Process 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the ratio of salt to warm water for a mouth rinse

A

one teaspoon of salt to one cup of warm water

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2
Q

what adjunct could be used for a type 1 embrasure space?

A

dental floss

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3
Q

what adjunct could be used for a type 2 embrasure space

A

interdental brushes, wooden tooth picks, proxa brush, and superfloss

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4
Q

what adjunct could be used for type 3 embrasure spaces

A

interdental brushes, end tuft brushes, and pipe cleaners

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5
Q

what three ways can stain occur?

A
  1. stain directly on the tooth surface
  2. stain on plaque and calculus
  3. stain within the tooth surface
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6
Q

define an extrinsic stain

A

on outside of tooth that can be removed on surface of enamel or exposed cementum or dentin

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7
Q

define an intrinsic stain

A

occurs within the structure of the tooth and cannot be removed

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8
Q

define exogenous stain

A

develops or originates from sources outside the tooth such as coffee or tea

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9
Q

define endogenous stain

A

develops or originates from within the tooth; always intrinsic and cannot be removed

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10
Q

can an endogenous extrinsic stain occur

A

no because that would mean it originates inside, but occurs outside

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11
Q

what are some examples of extrinsic stains and how to remove them

A
  1. yellow-due to food pigment (remove with scale and polish)
  2. green-due to decalcification (remove with daily brushing and fluoride on demineralized areas…do not scale the area)
  3. black stain-possible to be seen in mouth with excellent hygiene (scale off but will not polish)
  4. tobacco stain-light yellow to black in color (remove by scaling and polishing)
  5. betel leaf stain or brown stain-from tea, coffee, soy sauce or associated with regular use of stannous fluoride (some scaling first, especially if heavy, then mainly polishing to remove it)
  6. orange and red stain-remove with scaling and polishing
  7. metallic stain-inhaled metals (removed by scaling and polishing)
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12
Q

what are some examples of endogenous intrinsic stains and characteristics

A
  1. staining from pulpless teeth-pinkish brown in color due to blood pigments breaking down due to hemorrhage
  2. staining from physical trauma-may turn grayish as dying
  3. staining from drugs or metals-tetracycline may leave spots or bands of yellowish, greenish, or brown colors
  4. staining from imperfect tooth development -enamel hypoplasia (reduction in amount of enamel), hereditary amelogeneisis imperfect (enamel is partially or completely missing), hereditary dentinogenesis (opalescent dentin)
  5. enamel hypocalcification-calcification process is subnormal leaving white spots on teeth
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13
Q

what are some examples of exogenous intrinsic stain

A

drugs-silver nitrate used for endodontics
stain in dentin
tobacco, green stains, amalgam stains, metallic

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14
Q

what three ingredients in mouthwashes is effective against pathogens

A
  1. chlorhexidine gluconate, peridex
  2. essential oils, listerine
  3. cetylpyridinium chloride, colgate viadent and crest ProHealth
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15
Q

define substantivity

A

binds and remain in the oral cavity over a period of time

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16
Q

what is the most effective antimicrobial mouth rinse available

A

chlorhexidine

17
Q

what is stannous fluoride used in toothpaste for?

A

reduce dental caries incidence and gingivitis and as antiplaque agent

18
Q

what is cetylpyridium chloride used for in toothpaste and mouth rinses?

A

antiplaque action and reduction on gingivitis when used as an adjunt at home.

19
Q

what is triclosam used for in toothpaste?

A

effective in reducing plaque and gingivitis

20
Q

what is the purpose of adding buffering agents? what is an example

A

reduces oral acidity

example is baking soda (sodium bicarbonate)

21
Q

what is the detergent foaming agent used for in toothpaste? example?

A

makes it wet, slides along toothbrush, lowers surface tension
example is sodium lauryl sulfate

22
Q

what is an example of the cleaning or polishing agent in toothpaste

A

calcium carbonate, calcium pyrophosphate

23
Q

what are desensitizing agents put in toothpaste?

A

potassium nitrate, strontium chloride, sodium citrate

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