Procedures - Osseous System - Upper Extremity

Question 1

Sonography can be reliably used to diagnose this condition in the osseous system.

Answer 1

Joint effusions

Question 2

List 3 joints of the shoulder girdle

Answer 2

1. glenohumeral
2. acromioclavicular
3. scapulothoracic

Question 3

What are the 4 potential fracture sites of the proximal humerus which the Neer System uses to provide prognostic information to help with treatment planning

Answer 3

1. Anatomic neck
2. Lesser tuberosity
3. Greater tuberosity
4. Surgical Neck

Question 4

What is the most frequent cause of a rotator cuff tear?

Answer 4

Chronic impingement

Question 5

What is the most frequent site for a rotator cuff tear?

Answer 5

Supraspinatus tendon

Question 6

In the setting of acute trauma, a posterior fat pad sign in the adult elbow is an indication of what?

Answer 6

Fracture

Question 7

Does the absence of a fat pad sign exclude significant injury?

Answer 7

No

Question 8

What is the most common elbow fracture of children?

Answer 8

Supracondylar

Question 9

What are 2 signs often present in a supracondylar fracture in a pediatric patient?

Answer 9

1. Posterior fat pad sign

2. Posterior displacement of the capitellum relative to the anterior humeral line

Question 10

Is a fat pad sign in a child more sensitive and specific for a fracture than a fat pad sign in an adult?

Answer 10

No

Question 11

Nursmaid’s elbow?

Answer 11

Anterior subluxation of the radial head

Question 12

List 3 reasons why prompt reduction of an elbow dislocation is necessary.

Answer 12

1. Restoration of blood flow to occluded blood vessels
2. To ease undue tension on ligaments
3. To prevent development of myositis ossificans and associated reduced range of motion

Question 13

T/F Most forearm shaft fractures include fractures of both the radius and the ulna

Answer 13

True

Question 14

Which modality should be used to test the functional status of ligaments and tendons of the wrist?

Answer 14

Fluoroscopy

Question 15

Describe a Colles fracture.

Answer 15

A fracture of the distal radius

Question 16

The term volar refers to what areas?

Answer 16

The palm of the hand or the sole of the foot

Question 17

What view demonstrates the carpal arcs?

Answer 17

AP

Question 18

What condition is commonly seen with a scaphoid fracture?

Answer 18

Avascular necrosis

Question 19

Which carpal bone is the most frequently fractured?

Answer 19

Scaphoid

Question 20

Which bone(s) of the upper extremities comprise arcs?

Answer 20

Carpal bones

Question 21

What is the cause of carpal tunnel syndrome?

Answer 21

Increased pressure within the carpal tunnel which may be caused by repetitive stress.

Question 22

What is the mechanism of injury for a boxer’s fracture?

Answer 22

Abrupt axial loading

Question 23

What condition is associated with a dislocation of the finger?

Answer 23

Avulsion fractures

Question 24

What is a Bennett fracture

Answer 24

A fracture-dislocation of the thumb

Question 25

What is the single most important anatomic factor in cases of rotator cuff impingement

Answer 25

The shape of the acromion process

Question 26

Aponeurosis

Answer 26

A sheetlike fibrous membrane, resembling a flattened tendon, that serves as a fascia to bind muscles together or as ameansof connecting muscle to bone.

Question 27

What is Myositis ossificans?

Answer 27

A condition where bone tissue forms inside muscle or other soft tissue after an injury. It tends to develop in young adults and athletes who are more likely to experience traumatic injuries.