Procedures - Osseous System - Lower Extremity & Spine

Question 1

What is it about an open fracture that makes it more concerning compared to a closed fracture?

Answer 1

Infection risk

Question 2

In terms of location, what terms are used to describe a fracture of a long bone (4)?

Answer 2

1. Epiphyseal
2. Metaphyseal
3. Metadiaphyseal
4. Diaphyseal

Question 3

Which tarsal bone is the most superior?

Talus

Cuboid

Navicular

Calcaneus

Answer 3

Talus

Question 4

Which part of the patella is the base?

Answer 4

The superior border

Question 5

Which femoral structures articulate with the tibia?

Answer 5

The condyles

Question 6

Which term refers to the inferior tip of the patella?

Answer 6

Apex

Question 7

Which type of joint is the ankle joint?

Answer 7

Hinge

Question 8

Name 6 types of joints, and an example of each.

Answer 8

1. Hinge: Permits motion in one plane only (e.g., elbow)
2. Pivot: Permits rotary movement in which a ring rotates around a central axis (e.g., proximal radioulnar articulation)
3. Saddle: Opposing surfaces are concavo-convex, allowing flexion, extension, adduction, and abduction (e.g., carpometacarpal joint of thumb)
4. Ball and socket: Capable of movement in an infinite number of axes; rounded head of one bone moves in a cuplike cavity of the approximating base (e.g., hip)
5. Gliding: Articulation of contiguous bones allows only gliding movements (e.g., wrist, ankle)
6. Condyloid: Permits movement in two directions at right angles to one another; circumduction occurs, rotation does not (e.g., radiocarpal joints)

Question 9

Which bones of the pelvis compose the acetabulum?

Answer 9

Pubis, ischium & ilium

Question 10

Define nonunion.

Answer 10

A radiographic diagnosis in which one fails to see any evidence of bridging bone

Question 11

Name forces that may cause fracture in the spine (3).

Answer 11

1. Compression
2. Tension
3. Shear

Question 12

In evaluation for spinal trauma, a useful concept is the 3 column model of spine stability. The 3 columns include?

Answer 12

1. Anterior column
2. Middle column
3. Posterior column

Question 13

What anatomy is located in the anterior column of the spine (3 column model)?

Answer 13

1. Anterior longitudinal ligament
2. Anterior half of the vertebral bodies
3. Intervertebral discs

Question 14

What is the first-line imaging test for spinal trauma?

Answer 14

Radiography & CT

Question 15

In the three-column model for evaluation of spinal trauma, what does the evaluation help predict?

Answer 15

Stability or instability of the spine

Question 16

During the evaluation of the lateral cervical spine, what are the 4 lines that should be evaluated?

Answer 16

1. Anterior vertebral line
2. Posterior vertebral line
3. Spinal laminar line
4. Posterior spinous line

Question 17

Define comminution.

Answer 17

The bone is fractured in more than 2 fragments.

Question 18

List 3 characteristics regarding tibial plateau fractures.

Answer 18

1. 80% are localized to the lateral tibial plateau
2. They often have large hemarthrosis
3. Should obtain CT with reformats for presurgical planning

Question 19

Is the medial meniscus smaller than the lateral meniscus?

Answer 19

No.

Question 20

A vertical-longitudinal tear involving all three portions of the meniscus.

Answer 20

Bucket-handle tear

Question 21

Which part of anatomy act as the primary stabilizer of the knee joint?

Answer 21

Cruciate ligaments

Question 22

The Weber classification for assessment of ankle fractures is based on the determination of

Answer 22

The level of fibular fracture to deduce injury to tibiofibular ligaments

Question 23

What views are helpful to determine whether there is ankle instability?

Answer 23

Stress views

Question 24

What fracture is known as a “lover’s” or a “Don Juan” fracture?

Answer 24

Calcaneus fracture

Question 25

What is the most common type of stress fracture seen in the foot of runners?

Answer 25

Stress fracture of the tarsal navicular bone

Question 26

Where is a Lisfranc fracture-dislocation anatomically speaking?

Answer 26

Foot

Question 27

Define plantar facitis

Answer 27

A tear, inflammation, or tendinopathy resulting from chronic repetitive trauma at the origin of the plantar aponeurosis