Procedures - Osseous System - Lower Extremity & Spine Flashcards
What is it about an open fracture that makes it more concerning compared to a closed fracture?
Infection risk
In terms of location, what terms are used to describe a fracture of a long bone (4)?
- Epiphyseal
- Metaphyseal
- Metadiaphyseal
- Diaphyseal
Which tarsal bone is the most superior?
Talus
Cuboid
Navicular
Calcaneus
Talus
Which part of the patella is the base?
The superior border
Which femoral structures articulate with the tibia?
The condyles
Which term refers to the inferior tip of the patella?
Apex
Which type of joint is the ankle joint?
Hinge
Name 6 types of joints, and an example of each.
- Hinge: Permits motion in one plane only (e.g., elbow)
- Pivot: Permits rotary movement in which a ring rotates around a central axis (e.g., proximal radioulnar articulation)
- Saddle: Opposing surfaces are concavo-convex, allowing flexion, extension, adduction, and abduction (e.g., carpometacarpal joint of thumb)
- Ball and socket: Capable of movement in an infinite number of axes; rounded head of one bone moves in a cuplike cavity of the approximating base (e.g., hip)
- Gliding: Articulation of contiguous bones allows only gliding movements (e.g., wrist, ankle)
- Condyloid: Permits movement in two directions at right angles to one another; circumduction occurs, rotation does not (e.g., radiocarpal joints)
Which bones of the pelvis compose the acetabulum?
Pubis, ischium & ilium
Define nonunion.
A radiographic diagnosis in which one fails to see any evidence of bridging bone
Name forces that may cause fracture in the spine (3).
- Compression
- Tension
- Shear
In evaluation for spinal trauma, a useful concept is the 3 column model of spine stability. The 3 columns include?
- Anterior column
- Middle column
- Posterior column
What anatomy is located in the anterior column of the spine (3 column model)?
- Anterior longitudinal ligament
- Anterior half of the vertebral bodies
- Intervertebral discs
What is the first-line imaging test for spinal trauma?
Radiography & CT
In the three-column model for evaluation of spinal trauma, what does the evaluation help predict?
Stability or instability of the spine
During the evaluation of the lateral cervical spine, what are the 4 lines that should be evaluated?
- Anterior vertebral line
- Posterior vertebral line
- Spinal laminar line
- Posterior spinous line
Define comminution.
The bone is fractured in more than 2 fragments.
List 3 characteristics regarding tibial plateau fractures.
- 80% are localized to the lateral tibial plateau
- They often have large hemarthrosis
- Should obtain CT with reformats for presurgical planning
Is the medial meniscus smaller than the lateral meniscus?
No.
A vertical-longitudinal tear involving all three portions of the meniscus.
Bucket-handle tear
Which part of anatomy act as the primary stabilizer of the knee joint?
Cruciate ligaments
The Weber classification for assessment of ankle fractures is based on the determination of
The level of fibular fracture to deduce injury to tibiofibular ligaments
What views are helpful to determine whether there is ankle instability?
Stress views
What fracture is known as a “lover’s” or a “Don Juan” fracture?
Calcaneus fracture
What is the most common type of stress fracture seen in the foot of runners?
Stress fracture of the tarsal navicular bone
Where is a Lisfranc fracture-dislocation anatomically speaking?
Foot
Define plantar facitis
A tear, inflammation, or tendinopathy resulting from chronic repetitive trauma at the origin of the plantar aponeurosis
