Procedures LEcture 1 Flashcards
Abduct or abduction
Movement of the part away from the body
Adduct or adduction
Movement of the part towards the body
Extension
Straightening of a joint
Flexion
Bending of a joint
Hyperextension
Excessive or forced extension of a limb or joint
Hyperflexion
Excessive or forced flexion of a limb or joint
evert/eversion
Outward Turing of the foot at the ankle
Invert/inversion
Inward turning of the foot at the ankle
Pronate/pronation
Rotation of the forearm placing the palm surface down
Supinate/supination
Rotation of the forearm putting the palm surface up
Rotate/rotation
Turning or rotating of the body or part around its axis, when rotating a limb it is either medial or lateral rotation
Tilt
Tipping or slanting a body part slightly, tilt is in relation to the long axis of the body
Circumduction
Circular movement of a limb
Deviation
Turning away from the regular standard or course
Dorsiflexion
Flexion or bending of the foot towards the leg (make 90 degrees angle with body)
plantarflexion
Flexion or bending of the foot toward the sole
How many bones in an adult?
206
Ligaments
Connect bone to bone
How many bones in appendicular skeleton?
126
How many bones in axial skeleton?
80
Compact bone
Strong outer layer
Spongy bone
Soft inner layer
Trabeculae
Speculated network of interconnecting spaces
Red bone marrow
(Spongy bone) produces red and white blood cells
Yellow bone marrow
(Medullary) stores adipose tissue
Articular cartilage
Cartilage at the articular surfaces
Periosteum
Tough, fibrous connective tissue covering bone
Endosteum
Lining of the medullary cavity (deep)
ossification
The development and formation of bones
Intermembranous ossification
Bone formation prior to births (flat bones like skull and sternum)
arthrology
Study of the joints
joints
Articulations between bones
Two ways to categorize joints
Functional and structural
Synarthoroses
Immovable
Amphiarthroses
Slightly movable
Diarthroses
Freely moveable
Fibrous joints
- do not have a joint cavity
- sutures, for phones, syndesmosis
Cartilageneous
- do not have a joint cavity
- symphysis
Suchrondosis
Synovial
- do have a joint cavity
- freely moveable
Gliding
Move against each other on a single plane; wrist and ankles
Hinge
Move on just one axis; elbow, finger
Pivot
Provides rotation; at the top of the spine, atlas and axis
Ellipsoid
Circular motion; wrist joint
Saddle
Flexion, extension, no rotation; thumb
Ball-and-socket
Freely moving; shoulder, hip
Fracture
A broken bone
Transverse fracture
Straight across the long axis of the bone
Oblique fracture
At an angle that is not 90 degrees
Spiral fracture
Bone segments are pulled apart as a result of a twisting motion
Comminuted
Several breaks result in many small pieces
Impacted
One fragment is driven into another
Greenstick
A partial which only one side of the bone is broken
Open
At least one end of the broken bone tears through the skin
Close
A fracture in which the skin remains in tact
Position
- identifies the general body position of the patient
- refers to the specific placement of the body part in relation to the Radiographic table or the IR
Decubitus
Indicates the patient is lying down and the central ray is horizontal
projection
- path of the central ray as it exits the X-ray tube
- most defined by the entrance and exit points based on the anatomical position
View
Describes the body part as seen by the IR, this is only used when referring to a finished radiograph
Method
Some Radiographic positions are named after the individual who created them
Source to skin distance
Distance between the X-ray tube and the pt skin (shall not be less than 12” stationary and not less than 15” mobile)
collimation
Restriction of the beam
Alara
As low as reasonably achievable
