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Medical Terminology > AP2 > Flashcards

AP2 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

osteogenesis imperfecta

A

brittle bone disease, inherited generalized disorder of connective tissue characterized by multiple fractures and an unusual blue color of the normally white sclera of the eye

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2
Q

rheumatoid arthritis

A

chronic systemic idiopathic disease caused by immune system attacking the body

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3
Q

achondroplasia

A

the most common form of dwarfism, results from diminished proliferation of cartilage in the growth plate

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4
Q

his dysplasia

A

result from incomplete acetabulum formation caused by physiologic and mechanical factors

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5
Q

gout

A

a disorder in the metabolism of purine, increases uric acid in the blood which leads to deposition of uric acid crystals in the joints, cartilage, and kidney

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6
Q

ischemic necrosis

A

caused by loss of the blood supply

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7
Q

paget’s disease

A

osteoitis deformans, deterioration of bone, elderly. one of the most common metabolic diseases of the skeleton

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8
Q

osteoarthritis

A

no technical factor change

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9
Q

osteoid osteoma

A

increase in technical factor

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10
Q

osteopetrosis

A

increase in technical factor

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11
Q

osteoporosis

A

decrease in kvp

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12
Q

osteogenesis imperfecta

A

decrease

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13
Q

What do weight bearing radiographs do?

A

help to denote degenerative issues in weight bearing joints such as knees, hip, ankle

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14
Q

child abuse

A

non accidental trauma

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15
Q

COPD

A

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, includes several conditions in which chronic obstruction of the airways leads to an ineffective exchange of respiratory gases and makes breathing difficulty

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16
Q

hyaline membrane disease

A

premature infants; insufficient development of surfactant production; structural immaturity of the lungs

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17
Q

empyema

A

a rare accumulation of infected liquid or frank pus in the pleural space; usually caused by infection

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18
Q

croup

A

primarily a viral infection of young children that produces inflammatory instructive swelling localized to the subglottic portion of the trache

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19
Q

swan ganz placement

A

right or left main pulmonary artery seen radiographically within the borders of mediastinum

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20
Q

ET Tube Placement

A

in trachea; the tip should be >5cm above the bifurcation of the trachea (carina)

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21
Q

What happens if ET Tube is too high?

A

air enters the stomach

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22
Q

What happens if ET Tube it too low?

A

atelectasis

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23
Q

upper respiratory tract

A

nasal cavity, nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx, larynx

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24
Q

lower respiratory tract

A

trachea, lefts and right primary bronchioles, alveolar sac, alveoli

25
Q

pneumoconiosis

A

a severe pulmonary disease caused by inhalation of irritating particles; aka “occupational lung disease”

26
Q

what are the three types of pneumoconiosis?

A

asbestosis, silicosis, anthracosis (coal workers pneumonia)

27
Q

mycosis

A

fungus

28
Q

idiopathic

A

describing a disease condition with an unknown cause

29
Q

iatrogenic

A

resulting from the activity of diagnosis or treatment by medical personnel

30
Q
A
31
Q

simple/hairline

A

crack in bones

32
Q

greenstick fracture

A

2 pieces, like a broken pencil

33
Q

comminuted fracture

A

shattered bone

34
Q

spiral fracture

A

twisted bone

35
Q

pathological fracture

A

fracture due to disease process

36
Q

stress fracture

A

fracture due to impact or over use

37
Q

barton fracture

A

fracture of distal radius, associated dorsal dislocation of the radoiocarpal joint

38
Q

Bennet fracture

A

fracture of the base of the first metacarpal; caused by forced abduction; intra-articular two-part fracture of the base of the first metacarpal bone

39
Q

boxer fracture

A

fracture of the distal 5th metacarpal; mostly comminuted

40
Q

colles’ fracture

A

wrist fracture with distal radius displaced posteriorly; foosh

41
Q

smith fracture

A

hand anterior displacement

42
Q

hangman fracture

A

fracture through the pars interarticularis of C2; aka traumatic spondylolisthesis of the axis (slipping forward of vertebrae)

43
Q

hill-sachs defect

A

posterolateral humeral head depression fracture

44
Q

pott fracture

A

fracture of the distal tibia and fibula; bimalleolar fracture

45
Q

trimalleolar fracture

A

fracture of both the malleoli and the posterior lip of the tibia

46
Q

Jefferson fracture

A

burst fracture of the atlas

47
Q

jones fracture

A

fracture at the base of the fifth metatarsal bone

48
Q

periosteum

A

covers the outer surface of the bones except for at the joints

49
Q

diaphysis

A

the main shaft like portion

50
Q

epiphysis

A

the ends of bone

51
Q

medullary cavity

A

the hollow, tubelike structure within the diaphysis

52
Q

endosteum

A

lines medullary cavity

53
Q

primary center of ossification

A

diaphysisse

54
Q

contrary center of ossification

A

epiphysis

55
Q

graded

A

the assessment of malignant tumors to determine their degree of aggressiveness or malignancy

56
Q

staged

A

determination of the amount of spread of a neoplasm, necessary to select appropriate therapy and to predict the future course of a disease

57
Q

atrophy

A

diminished size due to wasting away

58
Q
A

Medical Terminology (6 decks)

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