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Medical Terminology > Ethics Quiz 3,4,5 > Flashcards

Ethics Quiz 3,4,5 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

bioethics

A

field of study examining ethical dilemmas surrounding advances in bioscience and diagnostic and treatment procedures

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2
Q

informed consent

A

subjects must be fully informed of risk and give full written consent

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3
Q

blind study

A

patients do not know whether they are receiving the placebo or the new agent

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4
Q

Why can blind studies be looked at as unethical?

A

Because placebo patients are not receiving medication for a significant period of time

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5
Q

To avoid conflict of interest:

A
  • drug companies or shareholders cannot participate if they will profit from sale or production of product
  • physician should not be part of the tracking process for his or her own medical theory
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6
Q

voluntary sterilization

A
  • providers must use screening and detail issues of consent; ensure patient’s understanding that procedure is permanent
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7
Q

involuntary sterilization

A

-performed in the past on patients deemed unfit mentally and/or had a severe genetic disorder

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8
Q

Contraception and Abortion

A
  • religious beliefs contribute to debate
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9
Q

artificial insemination

A

-commonly used for patients who can’t conceive
-rarely an issue when performed for a couple where donor is known
-some situations can alter individual consent:
- frozen sperm from deceased husband
- donor sperm is not from partner; partner did not consent

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10
Q

in vitro fertilization

A

ova and sperm combine and grow outside the womb; fertilized ovum is implanted in uterus

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11
Q

disposal of unused fertilized eggs is an issue for consent

A

both parties must indicate their preference as to whether the eggs should be disposed of or saved for potential future use

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12
Q

surrogacy

A

woman agrees to have a child for another couple; may carry already fertilized embryo; may use her own ovum or a donor ovum; can lead to custody battles

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13
Q

conscience clause

A

refusal to perform a legal role or duty due to personal beliefs; allows healthcare professionals to refuse to perform certain services

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14
Q

gene research and gene therapy

A

finding ways to manipulate our existing genes to identify specific diseases and conditions

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15
Q

stem cell research

A

duplicating or growing stem cells from human embryos and other tissues

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16
Q

the human genome project

A

map the genetic code of DNA; identify, treat, and/pr prevent diseases and disorders that are genetically transmitted

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17
Q

Is it legal to offer financial incentives to increase donation or organs?

A

No, illegal in the United States because it can lead to coercion or misuse; if it was allowed it could reduce organ shortage

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18
Q

organ allocation

A

waitlist for transplant because of organ shortage; utility, justice, and respect

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19
Q

emotional intelligence

A

ones ability to perceive, understand, reason with, manage emotions

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20
Q

high emotional intelligence

A

work well on teams and are more flexible in dealing with change

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21
Q

employee handbook

A

outlines policies and procedures; can be considered a binding contract

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22
Q

What should the employee handbook help with?

A

resolving disputes before they occur, protecting employer and employee from misperception and potential litigation

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23
Q

What should the employee handbook include?

A

steps for firing and hiring; policy for advancement

24
Q

employment-at-will

A

either party may discontinue employment at any time ; NY or NJ most of the time

25
Q

due process

A

an employee has the right to require that all specified procedures outline in the handbook are followed

26
Q

Family Medical Leave Act

A

requires employers with 50+ employees to allow 12 weeks of unpaid leave for certain circumstances

27
Q

Patient Protection and Affordable Care ACT

A

requires employers to meet certain criteria with regard to offering health insurance for employees who work 30+ hours a week; includes nondiscrimination in health programs and activities rule

28
Q

Occupational Safety and Health Act

A

employer is responsible to ensure all areas are safe for employees and patients; created OSHA

29
Q

Worker’s Compensation

A

insurance to cover medical costs and wage replacement for employees injured on the job; insurance provided by the state; very important that an employee report the injury immediately

30
Q

workplace violence

A

any threat of physical violence, harassment, intimidation, or other threatening disruptive behavior that causes fear for personal safety in the workplace

31
Q

qui tam

A

“who as well”; a term used to describe a private citizen who exposes and sues a company or organization for violating the law and/or breaching contract; whistle blower

32
Q

False Claims Act

A

allows a private citizen to sue an individual or business who is committing fraud against the government

33
Q

Americans with Disabilities Act

A

1990; individuals must receive accommodations if necessary; it prevents discrimination because of disability in pursuit of employment, education, or access to public places

34
Q

Civil Rights Act and Equal Employment Opportunity Act

A

required that all persons be treated equally and be given the same opportunities for employment and advancement

35
Q

Illegal Interview Questions

A

age, religion, race/color, children/daycare issues, height/weight, disability, arrest record, maiden name

36
Q

Lawful questions

A

languages, birthplace, marital status, citizenship, organizations, military

37
Q

fair debt collection practices act

A

prohibits deceptive or abusive practices in the collection of consumer debts

38
Q

fair credit reporting act

A

prohibits inaccurate information on credit reports

39
Q

consumer credit protection act (1968)

A

requires providers to be upfront about fees and finance charges

40
Q

fair credit billing act

A

requires prompt written response to billing complaints and investigation of errors

41
Q

sexual harassment

A

intimidation of another or unwanted advances or sexual comments that cause another person to feel uncomfortable

42
Q

quid pro quo

A

requests for sexual favors

43
Q

eocc guidelines provide:

A

victim should make it clear that the actions are unwanted; if harassment doesn’t stop victim should inform management

44
Q

Patients Bill of Rights (AHA)

A

right to respectful care
right to receive current, relevant and understandable information
right to know the identity of everyone involved in their care
right to make decisions about the plan of care prior to undergoing treatment
right to privacy

45
Q

office of the inspector general (OIG)

A

functions under the department of justice, investigate and protect the integrity of the department of health and human services

46
Q

medical practice act

A

provides laws that govern stop or practice and licensing requirements

47
Q

compliance plan

A

written set of policies and procedures for how an organization will operate and conduct itself in an ethical and compliant manner

48
Q

compliance officer

A

ensures policies and procedures are being obeyed and violations are addresses appropriately

49
Q

fraud (criminal)

A

intention act to misrepresent facts or mislead in order to gain financially

50
Q

abuse (criminal)

A

reckless disregard or conduct that goes against acceptable business and/or medical practices resulting in greater reimbursement

51
Q

False claims act

A

crime for an individual or organization to knowingly create a false record or submit a false claim to a federal government payer

52
Q

stark law

A

physical self-referral law; intended to prevent physicians from gaining financially from referring patients to a provider that would then benefit that physician

53
Q

anti-kickback statute

A

prohibits exchange or offer to exchange anything of value in an effort to induce or reward business referral in federal healthcare programc

54
Q

criminal health care fraud statute

A

prohibits knowingly and willfully executing, or attempting to execute, a scheme or artifice in connection with the delivery of or payment for health care benefits, items

55
Q

Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTLA)

A

requires emergency rooms to provide appropriate medical screening to patients seeking treatment; only applied to emergency rooms that receive payment from federal health care programs

56
Q

Clinical Laboratory Improvement Act (CLIA) of 1988

A

regulates all laboratory facilities for safety and specimens handling; accuracy and timeliness of testing

Medical Terminology (6 decks)

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