Procedure Turns

Question 1

PROCEDURE TURN BASICS

Answer 1

• VOR is often the IAF and FAF
• these examples assume you are proceeding direct to the VOR and have been cleared for the approach
• it doesn’t matter what heading you’re flying as you approach the VOR in these examples
• the IAF=Procedure Turn Fix

Question 2

How is a Procedure Turn identified?

Answer 2

Barb Symbol (arrow points to maneuvering side aka holding side)

Question 3

Procedure Turn (3 types)

Answer 3

45/180
80/260
holding pattern

Question 4

45/180 Procedure Turn

Answer 4

1. Intercept the outbound procedure turn course
   - within 90 of the outbound procedure turn course? NO NEED to overfly IAF. Just lead turn to roll out on outbound procedure turn course
   - NOT within 90? perform course intercept immediately after station passage
2. Start timing when:
   
   • crossing VOR
   • parallel to outbound CRS/abeam the procedure turn fix
   • wings level outbound
3. descend from the procedure turn fix altitude when:
   
   • outbound with a parallel or intercept heading to outbound course
4. At this point you are proceeding outbound from VOR, have intercepted the outbound course (or are on your way to intercepting it) and you are descending to (or level at) the procedure turn altitude
5. Course Reversal
   
   • you can fly outbound as long as you want as long as you remain within the “remain w/in” distance
     - turn in the direction of the barb (std rate) and start timing for ONE MIN (45 degrees)
   • reset the CRS to inbound while flying this outbound heading
   • AFTER one min, roll into opposite direction turn to make a 180 degree direction change
6. Once you’ve intercepted the inbound course and are established on it (1 dot CDI for VOR/positive CDI movement for LOC) you can slow to below 150 and configure
   * *must be done AT LEAST 3 miles prior to FAF**
7. Fly outbound CRS to VOR

Question 5

80/260 Procedure Turn

Answer 5

1. Intercept the outbound procedure turn course
   - within 90 of the outbound procedure turn course? NO NEED to overfly IAF. Just lead turn to roll out on outbound procedure turn course
   - NOT within 90? perform course intercept
2. Start timing when:
   
   • crossing VOR
   • parallel to outbound CRS/abeam the procedure turn fix
   • wings level outbound
3. descend from the procedure turn fix altitude when:
   
   • outbound with a parallel or intercept heading to outbound course
4. At this point you are proceeding outbound from VOR, have intercepted the outbound course (or are on your way to intercepting it) and you are descending to (or level at) the procedure turn altitude
5. Turn on the maneuvering side but ignore the published headings. Turn 80 degrees from the outbound course then roll into a turn the opposite direction for 260 degrees to get back to the inbound course
6. Once you’ve intercepted the inbound course and are established on it (1 dot CDI for VOR/positive CDI movement for LOC) you can slow to below 150 and configure
   * *must be done AT LEAST 3 miles prior to FAF**
7. Fly outbound CRS to VOR

Question 6

Holding Pattern Procedure Turn GENERAL

Answer 6

• -Visualize procedure turn fix = same as holding fix
• -maneuvering side of procedure turn = same as holding side
• -only difference from flying actual holding pattern is that not limited to one minute legs. just have to remain w/in “remain within” dist

Question 7

Holding Pattern Procedure Turn Entry Options

Answer 7

1. AIM
   
   • Parallel, Teardrop, Direct
2. 70 degree method
   
   • Parallel, Direct, Teardrop

Question 8

Holding Pattern Procedure Turn - Parallel entry

inbound holding course NOT within 70 of your current heading

Answer 8

1. Cross the procedure turn fix (IAF) outbound
2. Turn to parallel the outbound radial
3. intercept the outbound radial. maintain using wind drift correction until you turn back inbound (using timing or DME). When you turn inbound to reverse the course, turn TOWARD the barb.

Question 9

Holding Pattern Procedure Turn - Direct Entry

inbound course within 70 degrees left or right of your current heading

Answer 9

1. After crossing the procedure turn fix (IAF) turn outbound on the depicted maneuvering side
2. fly the desired time/distance outbound then turn to intercept inbound course

Question 10

Holding Pattern Procedure Turn - Teardrop entry
(the teardrop course heading that you would fly (which is 30 degrees from the outbound holding course on the holding side) is inside the left or right 45 degree indexes)

Answer 10

1. you can only fly it on the barb side
2. max of 30 degree teardrop entry (which you usually use anyways)

**works best if you fly it for one minute outbound. any longer and you might undershoot the course when you turn inbound

Question 11

Timing for the procedure turns

Answer 11

• *Make sure you fly outbound far enough to allow enough time/distance on the INBOUND leg to:
  1. intercept the inbound course
  2. descend from procedure turn altitude to FAF altitude (if required)
  3. configure at least 3 miles before FAF
  4. slow to final approach speed

Holding pattern - begin timing at usual opted three spots. . flying outbound for 2 mins/5 miles works well
45/180 - 1 to 1.5 mins
80/260 - 2 mins

Question 12

HILO- PT BASICS

Answer 12

• bold black holding pattern
• min holding pattern altitude indicated by an underline
• only expected to fly one initial entry orbit. if you need more than that to lose excess altitude you gotta get approval

Question 13

HILO-PT STEPS

Answer 13

1. Entry: 70 degree method
2. Timing: same 3 usual spots
3. Descent: begin descending as soon as you cross the FAF.. Look at the diagram to see when you descend from the min holding altitude
   
   • -descent occurs either at the holding fix or on the inbound leg of the holding pattern.. if it’s on the inbound leg you have to be established on the inbound course (1 dot CDI VOR/GPS or less than full-scale CDI for ILS/LOC) before beginning descent)
4. Configure: can do it on the outbound leg since they’re one minute patterns. You might need to shallow your bank inbound to compensate for lower airspeed

Question 14

When do you NOT fly the course reversal portion of a procedure turn?

Answer 14

SNERT
S-cleared for straight-in
N-NoPt track
E-Established in holding, cleared for the approach and the inbound holding course is the same as the inbound procedure turn course
R-Radar vectored to the final approach course
T-cleared for a Timed approach (assigned by ATC to leave the holding pattern at a specific time)