Holding Flashcards
Key parts (3)
holding fix, outbound leg, inbound leg
Holding fix
Where the holding pattern begins and ends
What can a holding fix be?
NAVAID, radial/DME fix, intersection, GPS waypoint.
T-6 CAN’T HOLD OVER TACAN
Holding at GPS waypoint
- hit OBS
2. set holding CRS
Holding side is where __ leg is flown
outbound leg
Holding course is the same as the ___ course
inbound
How is the length of a holding pattern determined?
DME or timing
timed holding patterns
1 minute
timed holding patterns > 14,000
1.5 minutes
When do you begin timing?
over the holding fix
outbound abeam the holding fix
wings level outbound
when do you have to adjust for winds?
outbound leg (but not required on the first pattern)
Holding airspeed?
150 knots
When do you begin slowing to holding speed?
Within 3 minutes of arrival at the holding fix or clearance limit fix
Turns in holding should be made at
3 degrees per second or 30 degrees, whichever is leasst
70 degree method options
parallel
direct entry
teardrop
When do you have the option for how to get back to the holding fix once you’ve entered the holding pattern?
ONLY on the initial entry circuit. You can intercept and fly the inbound holding course OR proceed direct back to the holding fix
–on all others you have to intercept the inbound holding course back to the holding fix
When must you adjust length of timing for wind?
on the second and all subsequent holding patterns. you need to aim for the required 1 or 1.5 minute timing on the inbound leg
How do you adjust your track for winds?
use the TRK function on the GPS
once you determine the exact amount of drift correction needed to keep the CDI centered on the INBOUND crs, use 3x as much drift correction on the outbound leg
Parallel entry method (inbound holding course NOT within 70 of your current heading)
- turn in shortest direction to heading of the OUTBOUND holding course
- at the completion of the outbound leg, turn to intercept the inbound holding course OR proceed direct back to the holding fix (only option on first circuit)
What do you look at to determine the type of entry procedure?
your current heading
inbound course heading (or outbound for teardrop)
calculate the difference
How do you calculate a teardrop entry heading?
30 degrees from the outbound holding course ON THE HOLDING SIDE
when are you conveniently aligned for a teardrop entry?
the teardrop course heading that you would fly (which is 30 degrees from the outbound holding course on the holding side) is inside the left or right 45 degree indexes
Teardrop entry method
- Determine direction you are turning in (must turn on holding side)
- Calculate entry heading (30 degrees from outbound holding course)
- Complete the outbound leg then turn back towards the inbound leg to intercept it
* *if course guidance is available ex. using OBS, you should use it
Direct Entry method (inbound course within 70 degrees left or right of your current heading)
- Turn in the direction of holding to the heading of the OUTBOUND holding course to intercept the holding fix
- follow the normal holding pattern rules
