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Maternal > Problems with fetal position, presentation, and size > Flashcards

Problems with fetal position, presentation, and size Flashcards

1
Q

why do birthing parent experience pressure and pain in the lower back?

A

because the fetal head rotates against the sacrum and causes sacral nerve compression

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1
Q

Is lunging while elevating the left foot on a chair helpful during the labor?

A

No, it is not effective and it is tiring for the birthing parent

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1
Q

technique to open the pelvis and reduce total labor time

A

placing peanut ball between the legs

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2
Q

posterior position tends to occur in what type of pelvis?

A

android, anthropoid, or contracted

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3
Q

why is anterior position better than posterior?

A

posterior does not fit the cervix snugly and it increases the risk for umbilical cord prolapse

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4
Q

how to ease pain and pressure on back?

A

back rub

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5
Q

effective method to assist rotating the fetus?

A

rebozo method of jiggling and massagng the uterus

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6
Q

if the contractions are not effective, the fetus is big or not in good flexion, what will happen?

A

rotation thru 135 degree may not be possible and result to cesarean birth. worst scenario: use of forceps to help them rotate. be observant for hemorrhage and lacerations

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6
Q

why do pt need to void q2 during long labor?

A

full bladder impede descent of the fetus

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7
Q

during breech birth, always monitor FHR and contractions to detect fetal distress from a complication of prolapsed cord or arrest of descent.

A

during breech birth, always monitor FHR and contractions to detect fetal distress from a complication of prolapsed cord or arrest of descent.

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7
Q

by week 38, what should be the fetal presentation?

A

cephalic

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7
Q

why does meconium staining occurs in breech presentation?

A

because of the cervical pressure on the sacrum and buttocks

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8
Q

where is fetal heart sounds heard best in a breech presentation?

A

high portion of the abdomen

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9
Q

dangers in breech vaginal birth

A
  1. birth of the head is the most hazardous part.

the pressure of pelvic brim causes compression on the loop of cord

  1. if the birthing procedure is gradual to prevent intracranial injury, it can result to HYPOXIA

if the birth procedure is fast to reduce cord compression, it can lead to intracranial hemorrhage

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10
Q

fetal head presenting at a different angle than expected is called?

A

asynclitism

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10
Q

frank breech = legs extended at at the level of the face for 2-3 days

footling breech = legs flexed in footling position for first few days

THESE ARE NORMAL

A

frank breech = legs extended at at the level of the face for 2-3 days

footling breech = legs flexed in footling position for first few days

THESE ARE NORMAL

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10
Q

what is arrest of descent?

A

the head of the fetus is in the same place in the birth canal during the first and second examinations, which your doctor performs one hour apart. This signifies that the baby hasn’t moved farther down the birth canal within the last hour

11
Q

what does it suggest if the head feels more prominent than normal, head and back are both felt on the same side of the uterus with L. maneuver, and with no engagement apparent on leopold’s maneuver?

A

face presentation

12
Q

a posterior fetus: extension or flexion, which one causes face presentation?

A

posterior fetuses extend the head

13
Q

rarest birth presentation that occurs in a birthing parent with relaxed abdominal muscle or a multipara

A

brow presntation

13
Q

which face presentation of chin indicates cesarean birth to prevent difficulties?

A

posterior

14
Q

macromosial vaginal birth increases the risk of:

C
D
F

A

cervical nerve palsy
diaphragmatic nerve injury
fractured clavicle

15
Q

happens uring 2nd stage of labor when fetal head is born but the shoulder is too broad to be born

A

shoulder dystocia

15
Q

two main procedures to complete the onset of shoulder dytocia

A

McRoberts maneuver and suprapubic compression

16
Q

how long does trial birth lasts until cesarean birth proceeds

A

6 to 12 hrs

16
Q

it is the turning of the a fetus from breech to cephalic presentation before birth

A

external cephalic version

17
Q

how many weeks should external cephalic version should be done?

A

as early as 34-35 weeks, nut usally 37-38 weeks

18
Q

4 disadvantages of vacuum extraction

A
  • risk for more perineal lacerations
  • it causes marked caput
  • tentorial tears
  • not recommended for preterm because of the softness of skull
19
Q

risk in using obstetric forceps

A

rectal sphincter tears that can lead to dyspareunia, anal incontinence

20
Q

placenta

500 g, 15-20 cm in diameter, 1.5-3.0 cm thick

A

placenta

500 g, 15-20 cm in diameter, 1.5-3.0 cm thick

21
Q

placenta that has one or more accessory lobes conneced to the main placenta by blood vessels

A

placenta succenturiata

22
Q

fetal side of placenta is covered with chorion

A

placenta circumvallata

22
Q

cord is inserted marginally instead of centrally

A

battledore placenta

22
Q

a situation wherein the cord not directly connects to the placenta but instead connects to the small vessels.

A

velamentous instertion of the cord

23
Q

what should be avoided in velamentous insertion ofthe cord?

A

cord traction bcs it can tear and cause hemorrhage

23
Q

occurs when umbilical vessels of velamentous cord isertion cross the cervical os and deliver before the fetus

A

vasa previa

24
Q

deep attachment of placenta to the myometrium that makes difficult to deliver the placenta

A

placenta accreta

24
Q

long cord result to

A

twist or knot, nuchal cord

24
Q

what intervention to do in placenta accreta?

A

methotraxate or hysterectomy

24
Q

short umbilical cord leads to __

A

premature sepration of the placenta

Maternal (12 decks)

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