Problems with Amniotic Fluid and Pregnancy Induced Hypertension

Question 1

pH of amniotic fluid

Answer 1

7.2

Question 2

amount of amniotic fluid in term

Answer 2

800-1200

Question 3

What does amniotic fluid do?

Answer 3

• Protects fetus against pressure or a blow to the pregnant woman’s abdomen
• Maintaining fetus temperature inside the womb
• Aids in muscular developmentallow fetus to move
• Helps lung develop

Question 4

Never stagnant, continuously absorbed by the fetus goes to umbilical arteries and placenta, exchange happens in placenta to the mother’s bloodstream

Answer 4

Amniotic fluid

Question 5

If the fetus is not able to swallow the amniotic fluid it could lead to

Answer 5

ESOPHAGEAL ATRESIA and Anencephaly

Question 6

Green color

Answer 6

• fetal distress
• breech presentation/transverse lie
• listeria infection

Question 7

golden color

Answer 7

(bilirubin)
- Rh ido immunization

Question 8

tobacco juice color

Answer 8

intrauterine death of fetus

Question 9

saffron color, yellowish green

Answer 9

post term pregnancy

Question 10

dark colored

Answer 10

concealed hemorrhage in abruptio placenta

Question 11

Excessive amniotic fluid more than 2000ml.

Answer 11

Polyhydramnios

Question 12

Polyhydramnios is excessive amniotic fluid ______________________________

Answer 12

more than 2000ml.

Question 13

Polyhydramnios is above or ___________________

Answer 13

> 24 cm index

Question 14

Occurs in person with diabetes

Answer 14

Polyhydramnios

Question 15

Polyhydramnios is a reason for

Answer 15

transverse malpresentation, PROM, PREMATURE LABOR, CORD PROLAPSE, and INFECTION

Question 16

EFFECTS OF HYDRAMNIOS

Answer 16

• Fetal auscultation is very difficult
• Rapid enlargement of the uterus
• Mother experiencing SOB , increase weight, develop lower extremity varicosities and hemorrhoids

Question 17

THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT for Polyhydramnios

Answer 17

• BEDREST
• Report signs of ruptured membranes or uterine contractions
• Use of stool softener or high fiber diet
• Amniocentesis to remove excessive amniotic fluid
• TOCOLYTICS

Question 18

Less than the average amniotic fluid

Answer 18

Oligohydramnios

Question 19

Reduced amniotic fluid is usually caused by _____________________________ in the fetus that interfere with _______________

Answer 19

kidney and bladder problems; voiding

Question 20

When the uterus fails to meet its growth rate _____________________ is suspected

Answer 20

oligohydramnios

Question 21

can help relieve Oligohydramnios

Answer 21

Amnio transfusion or instillation of fluid into the uterus by amniocentesis procedure

Question 22

EFFECTS OF OLIGOHYDRAMNIOS TO THE MOTHER

Answer 22

• SMALL UTERUS
• RISK FOR MORBIDITY
• RISK FOR OPERATIVE INTERVENTION CESAREAN SECTION OR

Question 23

Rare but life-threatening complication of labor and delivery; Occurs in 1: 20,000 births

Answer 23

Amniotic Fluid Embolism

Question 24

At least 10% of deaths among peripartum

Answer 24

Amniotic Fluid Embolism

Question 25

Occurs when the amniotic fluid is forced into a uterine blood sinus after a membrane rupture or partial premature separation of the placenta

Answer 25

Amniotic Fluid Embolism

Question 26

anaphylactic syndrome of pregnancy

Answer 26

Amniotic Fluid Embolism

Question 27

Signs and Symptoms of Amniotic Fluid Embolism

Answer 27

Sudden cardiovascular collapse Severe respiratory distress Hypoxia Seizures Altered mental status Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) Bleeding from the uterus or cesarean incision Chills Heart failure or fainting

Question 28

The most common nursing diagnosis associated with AFE is _____________________. Other nursing diagnoses can include ___________________________.

Answer 28

respiratory failure due to hypoxia; cardiovascular collapse, shock and sepsis

Question 29

Nursing Diagnosis for Amniotic Fluid Embolism

Answer 29

DECREASE CARDIAC OUTPUT IMPAIRED GAS EXCHANGE IMPAIRED BREATHING PATTERN RISK FOR ACID-BASE BALANCE HYPOVOLEMIA

Question 30

Nursing Managment for Amniotic Fluid Embolism

Answer 30

- Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) - Oxygen - Blood pressure support - Blood transfusions - Inotropic agents - Pulmonary vasodilators - Delivery - Hemodialysis - Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)

Question 31

is a condition in which vasospasm occurs during pregnancy in both small and large arteries.

Answer 31

Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension (PIH)

Question 32

Risk Factors for PIH

Answer 32

- Women of color - Multiple pregnancies - Primiparas who are 20 years and older - Women from low socioeconomic backgrounds - Underlying disease

Question 33

Etiology/Pathophysiology of PIH

Answer 33

- Increased cardiac output occurs with pregnancy, and it can injure the epithelial cell of the arteries. - Prostaglandin, a vasodilator, may also contribute to the injury. - Reduced responsiveness of the blood vessels to the blood pressure is lost. - There is vasoconstriction, and blood pressure increases.

Question 34

PREECLAMPSIA TRIAD

Answer 34

ELEVATED BLOOD PRESSURE PROTEINURIA EDEMA

Question 35

Elevated blood pressure (140/90 mmHg)

Answer 35

Gestational Hypertension

Question 36

Preeclampsia WITHOUT severe features

Answer 36

Mild Preeclampsia

Question 37

Preeclampsia WITH severe features

Answer 37

Severe Preeclampsia

Question 38

Blood pressure rises to 140/90 mmHg, taken on two occasions at least six (6) hours apart.

Answer 38

Mild Preeclampsia

Question 39

The most severe classification of PIH

Answer 39

ECLAMPSIA

Question 40

Describe Gestational Hypertension

Question 41

Describe Mild Preeclampsia

Question 42

Describe Severe Preeclampsia

Question 43

Describe Eclampsia

Question 44

Diagnostic Test for PIH

Answer 44

- Urinalysis

Question 45

This is one of the most common diagnostic tests that determine the presence of protein in the urine

Answer 45

Urinalysis

Question 46

This is usually indicative of pregnancy induced hypertension.

Answer 46

Urinalysis

Question 47

Diagnostic Test for FOR PRE-ECLAMPSIA WITH SEVERE FEATURES

Answer 47

- CHECK CBC AND PLATELET COUNT, LFT, BUN, CREATININE & FIBRINOGEN LEVEL - Daily hematocrit level

Question 48

would indicate fluid in the bloodstream is shifting to interstitial tissue

Answer 48

Daily hematocrit level

Question 49

Medical Management for PIH

Answer 49

Antiplatelet therapy Administer medications to prevent eclampsia

Question 50

To avoid progression of the disease to _____________________________________ may be prescribed to reduce hypertension.

Answer 50

eclampsia, hydralazine, nifedipine, and labetalol

Question 51

Nursing Management for PIH

Answer 51

- Assess vital signs, especially blood pressure - Urine tests - Assess patient for the presence of edema on the face, fingers, and upper extremities.

Question 52

Nursing Management (Diagnosis) for PIH

Answer 52

- Ineffective tissue perfusion - Deficient fluid volume - Risk for fetal injury - Social isolation

Question 53

Nursing Management (Intervention) for PIH

Answer 53

- Promote bed rest in a recumbent position - Promote good nutrition - Stringent/ restricting sodium intake - Monitor Antiplatelet Therapy - Provide Emotional Support

Question 54

INTERVENTION (PREECLAMPSIA WITH SEVERE FEATURES)

Answer 54

- Monitor Maternal Well-being - Monitor Fetal Well-being - Support a Nutritious Intake - Support a Nutritious Intake

Question 55

Nursing Management (Evaluation) for Severe Preeclampsia

Answer 55

- Patient must exhibit a normal blood pressure of 120/70 mmHg. - No presence of protein should be detected on her urine. - Edema should be confined to the lower extremities only.

Question 56

USUALLY OCCURS WITHIN 48 HOURS OF BIRTH

Answer 56

POSTPARTUM PREECLAMPSIA

Question 57

ALSO MAY OCCURS UP TO 6 WEEKS AFTER BIRTH

Answer 57

POSTPARTUM PREECLAMPSIA

Question 58

can be defined as blood pressure measurements that are above normal levels, or requiring antihypertensive medication after treatment.

Answer 58

Residual hypertension