Problems Facing The Tsar 1905 To 1917 Flashcards
The impact of the russo Japanese war.
- Russia was forced withdraw from Port authur, South sakhamilm and South manchuria and sign the treaty of Portsmough 1905 augst.
- humiled Russia and revealed leaders had a lack of knowlege
- Caused social unrest and discontent at home.
What happen during the 1905 revolution
Putilov strike = on January 2nd 12,000 worker went on strike caued by the Saking of 4 workers
Bloody Sunday = 200 people died lead by father gapon.
The caues of the 1905 revolution.
Attempts to industriise had resulted in some econimc gain but workers did not seem to benefit the rewards.
Increase of the population and a bad agriculture means many were on the verge stravation.
Government faced his challenges from below such as the sovites and the Russia Union of peasants like the formation of Liberal intelligenta
Consequences of the 1905 revolution.
Tsar introduced the dumas in October 1905 this was Done to make Russia less autocratic.
The October manifesto satifised the liberals but not in long term as noaw could come into force with the Nicholas 2nd.
Vote was given to all men over the age of 25 but not to women and the armed forces, weakness was equal representation.
Importance of all of the dumas
- First duma April - July 1906 = members of debated over matters of the empire like the polish questions
- Second duma February - June 1907 = affected by stolypins reforms there were far less kadets and labourist but there were more members of the far right. The tsar and stolypin began to mistrust the dumas so he disolved it and redid the system.
- The fourth duma november 1912 - February 1917 = the duma was domintaied by the far right and this was during the same time as the state killing as lena gold fields in 1912. This outraged members and put pressure on the tsar to abticate.
Stolypins land reform
Rural unrest peaked during the years 1905 - 07 and stolypin was appointed prime minster in 1905 to create land reforms and a more able and smart kind of peasant.
Unused or poorly used land was made avaible in the peant land bank
Peasants who were still strips ( smaller plots of land spread over two or three felids), under the instruction of mir were given the right to consolidate land into smallholding and land could not be immediately be sold off to Peasants.
How successful was stolypins land reforms.
The process led to an expansion of the wealthier class of peasants who should be more loyal to the tsar they believed it would be inacessible to the Peasants. By 1914 about 2 million Peasants left the village communes leaving some regions very short of labour led to shortage of supplies in urban areas which would contuine to ww1.
State of russia in 1914.
Political situation in Russia in 1914 = Russia was somewhat stable the duma and initially caused some diffculties as people were able to to critsies him but the tsar reduced the power of the duma.
The economic condition of russia in 1914 = from 1909 and 1914 the economy grew in 3.5 % slow compared to other countries. Low levels of industrial production, agriculture and indepent Peasants were 42,000 in 1907 to 134,500 in 1913 however this figure fall due Peasants leavinr farms for urban.
State of russian society = 80% still living in rural areas, 1000 towns 200 hundred has piped water.
Effects on ww1 on Russia
Economic = cost of the war was 3 billion roubles which was a higher level of expenditure during peace time which was 1.5 billion. This caused inflation which was 400% by 1917.
Social = bread rations falling 25% in the first 3 months of 1916 had a grater impact on growing towns.
Transport and communications
The war places pressure on the trasnport system for example railways were blocked railway stations and depots started to strugle to handle the volume of freight maniy food and munitions.
Reasons for tsar’s adication 1.
Growing opposition to stardom = he ignored how the war affected the well being of the Russian people.
he seemed more interested in discussing with his minsters more trival things rather than food shortage problems.
When he joined the armed forces to command them in in 1915 it backfired. His views on tactics were unoriginal and not useful, he would request rides in his rolls royce or to play dominos
