Problem Solving (Ch 8)

Question 1

What is a problem?

Answer 1

a state when a problem solver has a goal AND lacks an obvious way of achieving the goal

Question 2

What is a well-defined problem?

Answer 2

one, set answer, usually agreed upon way to achieve it (school)

Question 3

What is an ill-defined problem?

Answer 3

many ‘right’ answers, with many ways to get it (life)

Question 4

What is the I.R.S.I.E. Model?

Answer 4

Identify problem goal
Representing the problem
Select a strategy
Implementing strategies
Evaluating Results

Question 5

What are the strategies?

Answer 5

• Algorithms: systematic consideration of all possible solutions
• Heuristic: rules of thumb that worked in the past

Question 6

What is problem-based learning?

Answer 6

using problems as the focus for developing content, skills, and self-regulation

Question 7

Why is problem-based learning helpful?

Answer 7

retained longer and transfers better than content learned by direct instruction.

Question 8

Difference between positive and negative transfers?

Answer 8

+ occurs when learning in one context facilitates learning in another

• occurs when learning in one situation hinders performance in another

Question 9

Difference between general and specific transfers?

Answer 9

(g) ability to apply knowledge/skills learned in one context to a variety of different contexts
(s) ability to apply information in a context similar to the one in which it was originally learned

Question 10

What are the Four factors that affect Transfer of Learning?

Answer 10

• meaningfulness
• similarity
• conceptual knowledge
• real-world applications