Long Term Memory (Ch 7)

Question 1

What is Declarative Knowledge?

Answer 1

factual information, explicit memories, able to talk about it with others

Question 2

What is Episodic Knowledge?

Answer 2

• data recollections of personal experiences

- episodes of our life based on certain event/time

Question 3

What is Semantic Knowledge?

Answer 3

general knowledge, stored undated

Question 4

Which type of knowledge comes first (E/S)? why do we lose them?

Answer 4

episodic then semantic= connection then meaning

Question 5

What happens during Activity?

Answer 5

put learner in most active role possible in making connections

Question 6

What happens during Organization?

Answer 6

impose order and connections in new information

Question 7

What happens during Imagery?

Answer 7

form mental pictures of topics; stranger=better to remember

Question 8

What happens during Elaboration?

Answer 8

expand on existing schemas

Question 9

What happens during Schema?

Answer 9

activate relevant prior knowledge

Question 10

What are the levels of the processing theory?

Answer 10

shallow, intermediate, deep

Question 11

What type of encoding happens at the shallow level?

Answer 11

structural- physical structure of stimulus

Question 12

What type of encoding happens at the intermediate level?

Answer 12

phonemic- what words sound like

Question 13

What type of encoding happens at the deep level?

Answer 13

semantic- meaning of verbal input

Question 14

What is Procedural Knowledge?

Answer 14

• actions, perceptual motor skills

- swimming = hard to explain

Question 15

What is Conditional Knowledge?

Answer 15

knowing when to use declarative/procedural

Question 16

What is conditional knowledge acquisition?

Answer 16

Goal of all learning is to be able to use it when we need it; able to use at different time/context

Question 17

What are the two ways it is acquired?

Answer 17

explicit direct instruction

*multiple varied examples

Question 18

What is orienting attention?

Answer 18

innate ability to focus on intense stimuli (survival)

Question 19

What is controlled attention?

Answer 19

purposeful focus on some particular stimuli (tracking hockey puck)

Question 20

What is top-down processing?

Answer 20

starts from schema and is imposed on stimuli (assimilation)

Question 21

What is bottom-up processing?

Answer 21

based on experience and understanding is created (accommodation)