Long Term Memory (Ch 7) Flashcards
What is Declarative Knowledge?
factual information, explicit memories, able to talk about it with others
What is Episodic Knowledge?
- data recollections of personal experiences
- episodes of our life based on certain event/time
What is Semantic Knowledge?
general knowledge, stored undated
Which type of knowledge comes first (E/S)? why do we lose them?
episodic then semantic= connection then meaning
What happens during Activity?
put learner in most active role possible in making connections
What happens during Organization?
impose order and connections in new information
What happens during Imagery?
form mental pictures of topics; stranger=better to remember
What happens during Elaboration?
expand on existing schemas
What happens during Schema?
activate relevant prior knowledge
What are the levels of the processing theory?
shallow, intermediate, deep
What type of encoding happens at the shallow level?
structural- physical structure of stimulus
What type of encoding happens at the intermediate level?
phonemic- what words sound like
What type of encoding happens at the deep level?
semantic- meaning of verbal input
What is Procedural Knowledge?
- actions, perceptual motor skills
- swimming = hard to explain
What is Conditional Knowledge?
knowing when to use declarative/procedural
What is conditional knowledge acquisition?
Goal of all learning is to be able to use it when we need it; able to use at different time/context
What are the two ways it is acquired?
explicit direct instruction
*multiple varied examples
What is orienting attention?
innate ability to focus on intense stimuli (survival)
What is controlled attention?
purposeful focus on some particular stimuli (tracking hockey puck)
What is top-down processing?
starts from schema and is imposed on stimuli (assimilation)
What is bottom-up processing?
based on experience and understanding is created (accommodation)
